The prevention of analgesic opioids abuse: expert opinion

Opioids are drugs of reference for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Their proper use and a periodic assessment of the patient are crucial to prevent misuse. A multidisciplinary group suggests strategies for all stakeholders involved in the management of pain and suggests the importance of the doctor-patient relationship

Electropharmacological effects of a new dihydropyridine (BBR 2160) on guinea-pig papillary muscles and sheep purkinje fibres.

BBR 2160 is a member of the so-called tiampidines, a novel group of dihydropyridines. BBR 21 60 has been reported to be more potent than nifedipine and amlodipine in inhibiting K+ -induced contractions in rat aorta. The aim of the present study was to investigate the electropharmacological effects of BBR 2160 on isolated guinea-pig papillary muscles and on sheep Purkinje fibres. The effects of the drug were test ed on the normal fast action potentials, and on the slow action potentials induced by histamine in preparations in which the fast Na ' channels were inactivated by depolarization in 22 mM[K+)

Cardiac electrophysiological effects of a new dihydropyridine calcium antagonist (BBR 2160).

BBR 2160 is a new dihydropyridine derivative belonging to the group of the so-called tiampidines. We used intracellular microelectrodes to characterize the electrophysiological properties of BBR 2160 on sheep Purkinje fibres and guinea-pig papillary muscle. BBR 2160 (10(-7) and 10(-6) M) dose dependently decreased the contractility of driven Purkinje fibre and papillary muscle. This effect was associated with a lowering of the plateau phase and a shortening of action potential duration in papillary muscle. The effect of the drug developed quite slowly over time. The amplitude and Vmax of normal action potential were not affected by BBR 2160. Instead BBR 2160 reduced the amplitude and Vmax of the slow action potentials (which are a relatively good index of the slow inward current) induced by histamine (10(-5) M) in K(+)-depolarized (22 mM) papillary muscle. The results suggest that BBR 2160 has calcium-antagonistic properties in cardiac tissue

Cardiac beta adrenoceptors in the normal and failing heart: electrophysiological aspects

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Effect of BBR 2160 on ICa recorded from guinea-pig isolated myocytes.

The electrophysiological effects of BBR 2160 have been studied in multicellular preparations [1]. BBR 2160 was able to depress calcium-dependent action potentials, suggesting that its negative inotropic effect could be due to its calcium antagonistic properties. The action of the drug appeared to be quite selective, since it did not affect the maximum rate of depolarization (a good index of the Na+ current) of normally polarized sheep Purkinje fibers or guinea-pig papillary muscles. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of BBR 2160 on the L-type Ca++ current (rCa), in order to get Ins ì ght into its interaction with the Ca++ channel