Regional Effects on Employer Provided Training: Evidence from Apprenticeship Training in Switzerland

This paper uses regional variation in labor markets, the industry structure and the educational system to explain the training decisions of firms. Using a representative firm-level data set, the results show that firms are less likely to offer training if the number of competing firms situated in the same geographical area is high. Furthermore, the supply of potential apprentices affects the training decision positively through an improved matching process. In addition, the expected ability of apprentices also has a positive impact, whereas a more developed system of full-time schooling options for school leavers reduces the likelihood of a firm to offer training.apprenticeship training, regional labor markets

Regional effects on employer-provided training: Evidence fromapprenticeship training in Switzerland

"This paper uses regional variation in labor markets, the industry structure and the education system to explain the training decisions of firms. Using a representative firmlevel data set, the results show that firms are less likely to provide training if the number of competing firms situated in the same geographical area is high. Furthermore, the supply of potential apprentices affects the training decision positively through an improved matching process. In addition, the expected ability of apprentices also has a positive impact, whereas a more developed system of full-time schooling options for young people who have completed their compulsory schooling reduces the likelihood of a firm providing training." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) Additional Information Kurzfassung (deutsch) Executive summary (English)Betrieb, Ausbildungsverhalten, betriebliche Berufsausbildung, regionale Disparität, regionale Faktoren, regionaler Arbeitsmarkt, Wirtschaftsstruktur, Wettbewerb, Berufsbildungssystem, duales System, schulische Berufsausbildung, Personalpolitik, Bildungsökonomie, Schweiz

Spectral printing of paintings using a seven-color digital press

The human visual system is trichromatic and therefore reduces higher dimensional spectral data to three dimensions. Two stimuli with different spectral power curve shapes can result in the same cone response and therefore match each other. Color reproduction systems take advantage of this effect and match color by creating the same cone response as the original but with different colorants. ICC color management transforms all colors into a three-dimensional reference color space, which is independent from any input or output devices. This concept works well for a single defined observer and illumination conditions, but in practice, it is not possible to control viewing conditions leading to severe color mismatches, particularly for paintings. Paintings pose unique challenges because of the large variety of available colorants resulting in a very large color gamut and considerable spectral variability. This research explored spectral color reproduction using a seven-color electrophotographic printing process, the HP Indigo 7000. Because of the restriction to seven inks from the 12 basic inks supplied with the press, the research identified both the optimal seven inks and a set of eight artist paints which can be spectrally reproduced. The set of inks was Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black, Reflex Blue, Violet and Orange. The eight paints were Cadmium Red Medium, Cadmium Orange, Cadmium Yellow Light, Dioxazine Purple, Phthalo Blue Green Shade, Ultramarine Blue, Quinacridone Crimson and Carbon Black. The selection was based on both theoretical and experimental analyses. The final testing was computational indicating the possibility of both spectral and colorimetric color reproduction of paintings

“When You Fully Immerse Yourself, That’s Where You Gain The Most Confidence”: Integrating Clinician Perspectives To Reframe Excellence In Neurologic Physical Therapy Patient Education

This phenomenological study explored the current perceptions surrounding patient education in physical therapy (PT), specifically analyzing clinicians managing patients with neurological impairments. The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first objective was to gain a better understanding of how current clinicians provide effective patient education, and the second objective was to gain better insight into how physical therapists (PTs) develop self-efficacy to effectively provide patient education to individuals with neurologic involvement. In this study, four themes emerged: effective patient education is individualized, effective education should include discharge planning, self-efficacy in providing effective patient education improves with neuro exposure and modeled guidance, and self-efficacy in patient education is challenged by professional uncertainty. The information gathered helps PT educators better understand how clinicians approach patient education and how confident they feel educating these individuals. Physical therapy educators can enhance student preparedness for clinical practice by prioritizing patient education and modeling this behavior in the classroom and during clinical education experiences to improve self-efficacy in delivering effective instruction to patients with neurological impairments. This study concludes with a proposed clinical teaching tool designed to enhance the student learning experience during clinical practice. Key Words: patient education, physical therapy, patient-centered, physical therapist perceptions, physical therapy schools, neurologic, self-efficac

A Structural Model of Demand for Apprentices

It is a widely held opinion that apprenticeship training represents a net investment for training firms, and that therefore firms only train if they have the possibility to recoup these investments after the training period. A recent study using a new firm-level dataset for Switzerland showed, however, that for 60 percent of the firms, the apprenticeship training itself does not result in net cost. In this context it seems important to examine the question whether the potential net cost of training (during the training period) are a major determinant for the demand for apprentices. Different count data models, in particular hurdle models, are used to estimate the effect of net cost on the demand for apprentices. The results show that the net cost has a significant impact on the training decision but no significant influence on the demand for apprentices, once the firm has decided to train. For policy purposes, these results indicate that subsidies for firms that already train apprentices would not boost the demand for apprentices.apprenticeship training, count data, probit-Poisson-log-normal model, Switzerland

Sentiment Protocol: A Decentralized Protocol Leveraging Crowdsourced Wisdom

The wisdom of the crowd is a valuable asset in today’s society. It is not only important in predicting elections but also plays an essential role in marketing and the financial industry. Having a trustworthy source of opinion can make forecasts more accurate and markets predictable. Until now, a fundamental problem of surveys is the lack of incentives for participants to provide accurate information. Classical solutions like small monetary rewards or the chance of winning a prize are often not very attractive for participants. More attractive solutions, such as prediction markets, face the issue of illegality and are often unavailable. In this work, we present a solution that unites the advantages from classical polling and prediction markets via a customizable incentivization framework. Apart from predicting events, this framework can also be used to govern decentralized autonomous organizations

Leave No Bodymind Behind: Sins Invalid’s Vision of Crip Sustainability

This article discusses how the work of US-collective Sins Invalid, particularly the 2021 documentary Loving with Three Hearts and 2020 performance piece We Love Like Barnacles, addresses the exclusion of disabled people, especially multiply marginalised disabled people, in discourses and practices that address ecological disaster. The article argues that the company positions ableism as a crucial part of said exclusion and with their work proposes a version of sustainability that is rooted in collective access and care