The Effect of Self-Efficacy, Family Support, and Socio-Economic Factors on the Quality of Life of Patients with Breast Cancer at Dr Moewardi Hospital

Background:Breast cancer is the highest cancer among women in the world. Patients with breast cancer experience various changes, including physical, psychological and social changes. This changes affect their quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy, family support, and socio-economic factors on health-related quality of life of patients with breast cancer.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted at Dr Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 63 patients with breast cancer diagnosis were selected for this study by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was health-related quality life, consisting of global health status, physical function, role function, emotional function, social function, fatigue, pain, body image, financial hardship, and future perspective. The independent variables were self-efficacy, family support, education, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire and medical record, and then were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Average age (and standard deviation) of the breast cancer patients under study was 50.21±7.67 years. Average score of quality of life in the global health status dimension was 73.81±10.97. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed positive effect of self-efficacy (OR=3.45;95% CI=0.98 to 12.12; p=0.053), family support (OR=2.67; 95%CI=0.84 to 8.46; p=0.096), education (OR=3.99; 95%CI=1.15 to 13.79; p=0.028), and family income (OR=1.51; 95%CI=0.43 to 5.26; p=0.518) on global health status.Conclusion:Self-efficacy, family support, education, and family income have positive and significant effects on global health status.Keywords: self-efficacy, family support, social economy, quality of life, breast cancerCorrespondence: Lusiatun. Masters of Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085743778941Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health 2016, 1(3): 182-194https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.03.0

Theory of Planned Behavior: Associations between Intention, Knowledge, and Use of Visual Inspection Acetic Acid

Background: Icek Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) puts that intention precedes health behavior. That is, any health behavior takes place deliberately after the emergence of intervention. This study aimed to test if TPB can be used to explain the uptake of visual inspection acetic acid (VIA) screening for cervical cancer. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at 5 Community Health Centers (CHC) in Sragen, Central Java, from April to May 2018. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, composing of 50 women who used VIA and 150 women who did not use VIA. The dependent variable was use of VIA. The independent variable were intention and knowledge on VIA and cervical cancer. The data were collected by questionnaire. Data on VIA was obtained from medical record at CHC. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The use of VIA was associated with intention (OR= 48.02; 95% CI= 13.66 to 168.83; p<0.001) and knowledge (OR= 13.41; 95%CI= 2.82 to 63.73; p= 0.001). Nagelkerke R2= 61.1%. Conclusion: The use of VIA is associated with intention and knowledge. Keywords: intention, knowledge, visual inspection acetic aci

Biopsychosocial Determinants of the Quality of Life of Patients With Breast Cancer: A Path Analysis Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Women are now diagnosed with the disease earlier and live longer. Quality of life has become a well-accepted outcome measure for cancer patients and an integral part of cancer patient management. It has been shown that assessing quality of life in cancer patients could contribute to improved treatment and could even serve as a prognostic factor along with medical parameters. The study aimed to analyze the influence of education level, stage of cancer, social support, and coping strategy, on the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Subjects and Method: This was a quantitative-qualitative study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, from August to October 2017. A sample of 150 breast cancer patients was selected for the quantitative study by stratified random sampling. A sample of 3 informants were selected for the qualitative study by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were education level, stage of cancer, social support and coping strategy. Quantitative data were collected by questionnaire. Social support was measured by Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) questionnaire. Coping strategy was measured by brief COPE questionnaire. The quality of life was measured by WHOQOL BREF questionnaire. Data qualitative collection was by means in-depth interview. The quantitative data were analyzed by path analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed by Miles and Huberman interactive model. Results: Quality of life increased with higher education level (b= 8.69, SE= 1.84, p<0.001), stronger social support (b= 1.03, SE= 0.34, p= 0.003), good coping strategy (b= 2.07, SE= 0.43, p<0.001). Quality of life decreased with higher stage of cancer (b= -6.41, SE= 2.94, p= 0.029). Conclusion: Quality of life increases with higher education level, stronger social support, good coping strategy, but decreases with higher stage of cancer. Keywords: social support, coping strategy, quality of life, path analysi

The Association Between Maternal Education, Family Income, House Sanitation, and the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Under Five

Background: It was estimated that the incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI), including pneumonia, was 10-20% in children under five in Indonesia. Therefore ARTI in children under five is a public health important that calls for control and prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between maternal education, family income, house sanitation, and the incidence of ARTI in children under five.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with case control design. This study was conducted in Wono­giri 1 and Kismantoro Health Centers, Wono­giri, Central Java, from September to October, 2016. A total sample of 200 children under five were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 100 children with ARTI and 100 children without ARTI. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variables were maternal education, family income, house component, and house sanitation. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire, checklist, and medical record at the health centers. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results: Maternal education ≥senior high school (OR=0.09; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.22; p<0.001), house component meeting the required standard (OR=0.27; 95% CI= 0.13 to 0.57; p<0.001), and good house sanitation (OR=0.15; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.38; p<0.001) were associated with decreased risk of pneumonia in children under five, and they were statistically significant. The association between family income and the risk of pneumonia was not statistically significant (OR=0.87; 95% CI= 0.42 to 1.79; p=0.703).Conclusion: Maternal education ≥senior high school, house component meeting the required standard, and good house sanitation are associated with decreased risk of pneumonia in children under five.Keywords: maternal education, family income, house sanitation, pneumonia, children under five Correspondence: Anita Sri Sulistyo. District Health Office Wonogiri, Central Java. Email: [email protected] of Epidemiology and Public Health (2016), 1(3): 195-202https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.03.0

Effects of Education, Nutrition Status, Treatment Compliance, Family Income, and Family Support, on the Cure of Tuberculosis in Mojokerto, East Java

Background: Tuberculosis is an important global public health issue. Countries around the world have committed to control the disease with various programs. However, the cure of Tuberculosis treatment in many countries is still low, which can hamper the success of Tuberculosis control program. Productivity of Tuberculosis patients continues to decrease that leads to socioeconomic burden. This study aimed to examine the effects of education, nutrition status, treatment compliance, family income, and family support, on the cure of Tuberculosis.Subjects and Method: This was an observational analytic study with case control design. The study was conducted in Mojokerto, East Java, from April to May, 2017. A total sample of 108 Tuberculosis patients were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The sample consisted of 35 uncured cases of Tuberculosis and 73 cured cases of Tuberculosis. The dependent variable was cure of Tuberculosis. The independent variables were education, nutrition status, treatment compliance, family income, and family support. The data was collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed using path analysis.Results: Nutritional status (b= 1.31; 95% CI = 0.41 to 2.22; p=0.004) and treatment compliance (b= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.97; p=0.019) directly and positively affect the cure of Tuberculosis. Nutritional status was affected by high education (b=1.62; 95% CI =0.62 to 2.63; p=0.002), family income (b=1.66; 95% CI =0.70 to 2.62; p=0.001), and strong family support (b=1.50; 95% CI =0.36 to 2.63; p=0.010). Treatment compliance was affected by high education (b= 0.84; 95% CI = -0.14 to 1.81; p=0.093), family income (b= 1.36; 95% CI =0.42 to 2.30; p=0.005), and strong family support (b=2.08; 95% CI =0.96 to 3.19; p<0.001).Conclusion: Cure of Tuberculosis is directly affected by nutritional status and treatment compliance. Education, family support, and family income, indirectly affect cure of Tuberculosis.Keywords: cure of Tuberculosis, education, nutrition status, family income, family support, treatment complianceCorrespondence: Puspitasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281333060714.Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(2): 141-153https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.02.0

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Women: A New Evidence from Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Breast cancer is a leading type of cancer affecting women in developed and developing countries. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in Indonesia with 19,731 cases of death in 2014. In addition to mortality, breast cancer causes psychosocial effect in the affected and the family. Studies have shown that the risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, having children late or not at all, older age, and family history. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of breast cancer in women at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from October to December 2017. A total sample of 200 study subjects consisting of 100 women with breast cancer and 100 women without breast cancer were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was breast cancer. The independent variables were age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, parity, duration of breastfeeding, use of fertility hormone, duration of hormonal contraceptive use, and age at menopause. The data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of breast cancer increased with earlier age at menarche <12 years old (OR=2.71; 95% CI= 1.06 to 6.96; p= 0.037), delayed age at first pregnancy ≥30 years old (OR= 3.01; 95% CI= 1.16 to 7.78; p= 0.023), delayed age at menopause ≥55 years old (OR= 1.07; 95% CI= 0.82 to 6.30; p= 0.001), longer hormonal contraceptive use ≥10 years (OR= 3.25; 95% CI= 1.20 to 9.63; p= 0.003). Conclusion: The risk of breast cancer increases with earlier age at menarche, delayed age at first pregnancy, delayed age at menopause, longer hormonal contraceptive use. Keywords: breast cancer, risk facto