ANTI CONVULSANT EFFECT OF NIFEDIPINE, DIAZEPAM AND IN COMBINATION ON MES INDUCED EPILEPSY IN RATS

Background: The role of calcium in the process of epileptogenesis and neurotoxicity and excitotoxicity during status epilepticus is involved. In fact, epileptiform bursts are often associated with influx of calcium ion into the nerve cells and a decrease in the extracellular concentration of calcium precedes the onset of seizures. Aim: To investigate the activity of nifedipine, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, diazepam, the benzodiazepine anti- convulsant of established efficacy and their combinations against rat models of MES induced tonic seizure. Method: Wister albino rats of either sex, weighing between 150-220 gm were used for maximal electroshock method. Rats were divided into 10 groups, in each group n=6 total N=60.Group 1: Control, Group 2-4:Nifedipine 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg accordingly, Group 5-7: Diazepam 1,2 and 4 mg/kg accordingly, Group 8:Nifedipine (3.3mg) + Diazepam (3mg), Group 9:Nifedipine (6.6mg) + Diazepam (3mg), Group 10: Phenytoin (25mg/kg). The Controls in the central panel was set at 120 mA current. The Start-Reset knob was switched in the reset position with time of 0.2 seconds was set. The following parameters were observed. Latent period of convulsions, duration of flexion, tonic hind limb extension, posttictal sleep. Results: Nifedipine in doses of 4 and 8 mg / Kg., diazepam in all doses (1, 2 and 4 mg / Kg.) and their combinations were significantly reducing the duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE). Only Nifedipine in doses of 2 mg / Kg. had no significant change in duration of THLE in comparison to Normal saline. The effect of Nifedipine 8 mg / Kg. on reducing the duration of THLE, indicative its anti-seizure activity on MES seizure was comparable to Diazepam in the dose of 1 mg / Kg. The MES-induced anti-seizure activity of Diazepam in doses of 1 mg / Kg. It was significantly less than Diazepam in doses of 2 and 4 mg / Kg or from the combination doses. Diazepam in 4 mg / Kg. dose was equally effective as the combination. But its effect was also equi-effective with Phenytoin. Conclusion: Nifedipine alone is inferior to diazepam in generalized tonic-clonic seizure and their combination is not having superadditive effect. Key words: Calcium channel blockers; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Maximum electrical shock

ANTI CONVULSANT EFFECT OF NIFEDIPINE, DIAZEPAM AND IN COMBINATION ON MES INDUCED EPILEPSY IN RATS

Background: The role of calcium in the process of epileptogenesis and neurotoxicity and excitotoxicity during status epilepticus is involved. In fact, epileptiform bursts are often associated with influx of calcium ion into the nerve cells and a decrease in the extracellular concentration of calcium precedes the onset of seizures. Aim: To investigate the activity of nifedipine, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, diazepam, the benzodiazepine anti- convulsant of established efficacy and their combinations against rat models of MES induced tonic seizure. Method: Wister albino rats of either sex, weighing between 150-220 gm were used for maximal electroshock method. Rats were divided into 10 groups, in each group n=6 total N=60.Group 1: Control, Group 2-4:Nifedipine 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg accordingly, Group 5-7: Diazepam 1,2 and 4 mg/kg accordingly, Group 8:Nifedipine (3.3mg) + Diazepam (3mg), Group 9:Nifedipine (6.6mg) + Diazepam (3mg), Group 10: Phenytoin (25mg/kg). The Controls in the central panel was set at 120 mA current. The Start-Reset knob was switched in the reset position with time of 0.2 seconds was set. The following parameters were observed. Latent period of convulsions, duration of flexion, tonic hind limb extension, posttictal sleep. Results: Nifedipine in doses of 4 and 8 mg / Kg., diazepam in all doses (1, 2 and 4 mg / Kg.) and their combinations were significantly reducing the duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE). Only Nifedipine in doses of 2 mg / Kg. had no significant change in duration of THLE in comparison to Normal saline. The effect of Nifedipine 8 mg / Kg. on reducing the duration of THLE, indicative its anti-seizure activity on MES seizure was comparable to Diazepam in the dose of 1 mg / Kg. The MES-induced anti-seizure activity of Diazepam in doses of 1 mg / Kg. It was significantly less than Diazepam in doses of 2 and 4 mg / Kg or from the combination doses. Diazepam in 4 mg / Kg. dose was equally effective as the combination. But its effect was also equi-effective with Phenytoin. Conclusion: Nifedipine alone is inferior to diazepam in generalized tonic-clonic seizure and their combination is not having superadditive effect. Key words: Calcium channel blockers; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Maximum electrical shock

Comparison of Rosuvastatin (10mg) and Atorvastatin (10mg) in achieving the treatment goals of dyslipidemia: Government Medical College, Suryapet

Background: Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are both caused by dyslipidemia, which has been identified as the primary cause. The statin medication class is the most often recommended therapy for dyslipidemia. Among these, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, a relatively new medication, are more commonly recommended. The goal of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in the treatment of dyslipidemia.Methods and Material: Patients with dyslipidemia between the ages of 30 and 72 were eligible. One of two therapy groups was allocated to the patients. A total of 250 patients were randomly divided into two groups, each with 125 patients, and labeled Group I and Group II. For 12 weeks, Group I was given rosuvastatin (10 mg tablet OD) while Group II was given atorvastatin (10 mg tablet OD). The lipid profile low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were measured before the start of therapy and after 12 weeks. Percentage changes from baseline were calculated and adverse effects were recorded. Results: During the 11 months study, A total of 250 patients were screened for the study, of which males represented 63.60% (n = 159), female 36.40% (91) of the population, male and female ratio was 1.7:1. A total of 250 patients were divided randomly into two groups of 125 patients each and assigned as group I (male 80, female 30) and Group II (male 79, female 31. The group-I mean age was 53.66 ± 7.69 and group-II mean age 52.75 ± 6.89. Group I received rosuvastatin (10 mg tablet OD) and Group II received atorvastatin (10 mg tablet OD) for 12 weeks. The levels of serum TC and LDL-C are decreased by 38.01% and 47.55 % respectively with the use of rosuvastatin (Group-I) after 12 weeks. atorvastatin 10 mg/day ((Group-II)for 12 weeks resulted in a statistically significant fall in levels of serum TC and LDL-C by 23.50 % and 29.79 %.Conclusions: Generally, medication of Rosuvastatin could reach a better lipid-reducing effect and yield a higher attainment rate of LDL-C and TC than Atorvastatin in the same dose in high-risk hyperlipidemic Indian patients