ProBNP for stratifying patients with heart failure

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the serum levels of N-Terminal ProBNP fraction (ProBNP) allow us to identify with accuracy the clinical functional status of patients with heart failure (HF), because the clinical diagnosis of this syndrome is based basically on clinical data when the complementary tests have lower specificity. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with a history of HF were studied. Their mean age of was 53.5 years and 78.3% were males. All underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluations and a test to determine the serum dosage of ProBNP. According to clinical manifestation, patients were in the following functional classes (FC), 14% FC I, 40.6% FC II, 28.1% FC III, and 23.4% FC IV. The mean ejection fraction (EF) was 0.28. RESULTS: ProBNP did not differ according to age, sex, and cause of cardiopathy. No correlation existed between EF and the ProBNP serum level. ProBNP levels were significantly lower in patients in FC I than those in FC II (42 vs 326.7 pmol/L; P=0.0001), and in FC II than those in FC III (P=0.01). ProBNP levels did not differ statically between FC III and IV patients (888.1 vs 1082.8 pmol/L; P=0.25). ProBNP values greater than 100 pmol/L identify patients with decompensated HF with a sensitivity of 98%. CONCLUSION: ProBNP values over 100 pmol/L were indicative of HF, and patients with advanced HF had values over 270 pmol/L. A ProBNP dosage test was an excellent auxiliary in the clinical characterization of patients with HF

Temporal Variation in the Prognosis and Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure - Before and After 2000

Fundamento: O tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca evoluiu nas últimas décadas, sugerindo que sua sobrevida tem aumentado. Objetivo: Verificar se houve melhora na sobrevida dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada. Métodos: Comparamos retrospectivamente os dados de seguimento e tratamento de duas coortes de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sistólica admitidos para compensação até o ano 2000 (n = 353) e após 2000 (n = 279). Foram analisados: morte hospitalar, re-hospitalizações e morte no seguimento de 1 ano. Utilizamos os testes U de Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado para comparação entre os grupos. Os preditores de mortalidade foram identificados pela análise de regressão por meio do método dos riscos proporcionais de Cox e análise de sobrevida pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Os pacientes internados até o ano 2000 eram mais jovens, tinham menor comprometimento ventricular esquerdo e receberam menor proporção de betabloqueadores na alta. A sobrevida dos pacientes hospitalizados antes de 2000 foi menor do que a dos hospitalizados após 2000 (40,1% vs. 67,4%; p < 0,001). Os preditores independentes de mortalidade na análise de regressão foram: a etiologia chagásica (hazard ratio: 1,9; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,3-3,0), inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (hazard ratio: 0,6; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,4-0,9), betabloqueador (hazard ratio: 0,3; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,2-0,5), creatinina ≥ 1,4 mg/dL (hazard ratio: 2,0; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,3-3,0), sódio sérico ≤ 135 mEq/L (hazard ratio: 1,8; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 1,2-2,7). Conclusões: Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada apresentaram melhora significativa na sobrevida e redução nas re-hospitalizações. O bloqueio neuro-hormonal, com inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e betabloqueadores, teve papel importante no aumento da sobrevida desses pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada

Principais características clínicas de pacientes que sobrevivem 24 meses ou mais após uma hospitalização devido a descompensação cardíaca Major clinical characteristics of patients surviving 24 months or more after hospitalization due to decompensated heart failure

OBJETIVO: Estudar as principais características clínicas dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca sobreviventes há mais de 24 meses após hospitalização para compensação. MÉTODOS: Estudados 126 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, em classe funcional III ou IV, com idade média de 51,7 anos, a maioria homens (73%), com fração de ejeção (FE) média de 0,36 e diâmetro diastólico (DD) do VE de 7,13 cm. Avaliaram-se as principais características clínicas e laboratoriais e no seguimento identificaram-se 25 (19.8%) pacientes que sobreviveram mais de 24 meses após a alta hospitalar. Compararam-se os dados dos sobreviventes (G1) aos dos que faleceram (G2) antes de 24 meses. RESULTADOS: No G1 encontraram-se níveis mais elevados do sódio sérico (138,3±3,4 vs 134,5±5,8 mEq/l; p=0,001), da pressão arterial (120,0 vs 96,7 mmHg; p=0,003) e da FE do VE (0,40±0,08 vs 0,34±0,09; p=0,004) e valores menores da uréia (59,8 vs 76,3 mg/dl; p=0,007), do tempo de protrombina (12,9 vs 14,8s; p=0,001), do DDVE (6,78±0,55 vs 7,22±0,91; p=0,003) e do diâmetro do AE (4,77 vs 4,99cm; p=0,0003). Houve mais sobreviventes entre os portadores de cardiomiopatia idiopática e hipertensiva do que entre os chagásicos e doença coronariana. Na análise multivariada permaneceram como variáveis preditoras independentes da mortalidade o DDVE > 7,8 cm (HR 1,95), o Na < 132 mEq/l (HR 2,30) e o tempo de protrombina > 14 seg (HR 1,69). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permite predizer quais os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca que poderão apresentar uma boa sobrevida após a alta e os com maior possibilidade de longa sobrevivência após a alta.<br>OBJECTIVE: To study the major clinical characteristics of patients with heart failure who survived more than 24 months after hospitalization for compensation. METHODS: The study comprised 126 patients with heart failure in functional class III or IV, with a mean age of 51.7 years. Most patients were men (73%), had a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 0.36 and left ventricular diastolic diameter (DD) of 7.13 cm. The major clinical and laboratory characteristics were assessed, and, on follow-up, 25 (19.8%) patients, who survived more than 24 months after hospital discharge, were identified. Data of survivors (G1) were compared with those of patients who died (G2) before 24 months. RESULTS: In G1, the following levels were greater: serum sodium (138.3±3.4 vs 134.5±5.8 mEq/L; P=0.001); blood pressure levels (120.0 vs 96.7 mm Hg; P=0.003); and LVEF levels (0.40±0.08 vs 0.34±0.09; P=0.004); and the following levels were lower: urea (59.8 vs 76.3 mg/dL; P=0.007); prothrombin time (12.9 vs 14.8 seconds; P=0.001); LVDD (6.78±0.55 vs 7.22±0.91; P=0.003); and LA diameter (4.77 vs 4.99cm; P=0.0003). More survivors were found among patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy and arterial hypertension than among patients with Chagas' disease and coronary artery disease. In multivariate analysis, the following variables remained as independent predictors of mortality: LVDD > 7.8 cm (HR 1.95); Na < 132 mEq/L (HR 2.30); and prothrombin time > 14 seconds (HR 1.69). CONCLUSION: The study allowed predicting which patients with heart failure will have a good survival after hospital discharge and those with a greater chance of a long survival after discharge

Sensitive Troponin I Assay in Patients with Chest Pain - Association with Significant Coronary Lesions with or Without Renal Failure

Abstract Introduction: Despite having higher sensitivity as compared to conventional troponins, sensitive troponins have lower specificity, mainly in patients with renal failure. Objective: Study aimed at assessing the sensitive troponin I levels in patients with chest pain, and relating them to the existence of significant coronary lesions. Methods: Retrospective, single-center, observational. This study included 991 patients divided into two groups: with (N = 681) and without (N = 310) significant coronary lesion. For posterior analysis, the patients were divided into two other groups: with (N = 184) and without (N = 807) chronic renal failure. The commercial ADVIA Centaur® TnI-Ultra assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) was used. The ROC curve analysis was performed to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the best cutoff point of troponin as a discriminator of the probability of significant coronary lesion. The associations were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results: The median age was 63 years, and 52% of the patients were of the male sex. The area under the ROC curve between the troponin levels and significant coronary lesions was 0.685 (95% CI: 0.65 - 0.72). In patients with or without renal failure, the areas under the ROC curve were 0.703 (95% CI: 0.66 - 0.74) and 0.608 (95% CI: 0.52 - 0.70), respectively. The best cutoff points to discriminate the presence of significant coronary lesion were: in the general population, 0.605 ng/dL (sensitivity, 63.4%; specificity, 67%); in patients without renal failure, 0.605 ng/dL (sensitivity, 62.7%; specificity, 71%); and in patients with chronic renal failure, 0.515 ng/dL (sensitivity, 80.6%; specificity, 42%). Conclusion: In patients with chest pain, sensitive troponin I showed a good correlation with significant coronary lesions when its level was greater than 0.605 ng/dL. In patients with chronic renal failure, a significant decrease in specificity was observed in the correlation of troponin levels and severe coronary lesions

Is There Any Relationship between TSH Levels and Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome?

Abstract Background: Some small studies have related higher levels of thyrotropin (TSH) to potentially worse prognosis in acute coronary syndromes. However, this relationship remains uncertain. Objective: To analyze the outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes in relation to the value of TSH at admission. Methods: Observational and retrospective study with 505 patients (446 in group I [TSH ≤ 4 mIU/L] and 59 in group II [TSH > 4 mIU/L]) with acute coronary syndromes between May 2010 and May 2014. We obtained data about comorbidities and the medications used at the hospital. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause death. The secondary endpoint included combined events (death, non-fatal unstable angina or myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, bleeding and stroke). Comparisons between groups were made by one-way ANOVA and chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was determined by logistic regression. Analyses were considered significant when p 4 mIU/L at admission, worse prognosis was observed, with higher incidences of in-hospital combined events, cardiogenic shock and bleeding