KEMAMPUAN ANTI MAYOR PHYSIOLOGICAL PROTEIN SUBSTRAT ECTO CYCLIC AMP INDEPENDENT SERIN/THEONIN PROTEIN KINASE (MPS ecto-CIK) DALAM MENGHAMBAT VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA KAMBING DAN SAPI

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dosis dan lama inkubasi anti MPS ecto-CIK dalam menghambat viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan sapi. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 faktor yakni dosis pengenceran (0, 5, 10, dan 15 µl) dan lama inkubasi (5, 30, 60, dan 120 menit) masing-masing 6 kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis varian dua arah, yang dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Pemberian anti MPS ecto-CIK membran spermatozoa kambing dengan konsentrasi 0, 5, 10, dan 15 µl dan lama inkubasi 5, 30, 60, dan 120 menit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap viabilitas spermatozoa kambing dan sapi (P0,05). Perlakuan anti MPS ecto-CIK pada dosis 15 µl dan lama inkubasi 120 menit terhadap spermatozoa kambing dan sapi merupakan perlakuan yang paling optimal dalam menghambat viabilitas spermatozoa kambing (45,50±11,16 dan 44,87±9,40%) dan sapi (39,08±14,40 dan 36,67±11,93%)

Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Acorus Calamus, Curcuma Mangga, and Allium Sativum

The purpose of this study to determine the content of phytochemicals, antioxidant and antifungal properties of the combination of Acorus calamus, Curcuma mangga, and Allium sativum. This research was descriptive qualitative, extractions were done by maceration method with ethanol with 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). Phytochemical test reagent included 4 kinds of test, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins and tannins. As for the antioxidant test, the method used was DPPH. The concentration used at 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm. As for the antifungal test conducted on Candida albicans with Kirby-Bauer disc methods with a concentration of 100%, followed by the MIC and MBC test with a concentration of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78% and 0.39%. Phytochemical test results indicated the presence of the alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids compounds in 3 different combinations (C1, C2 and C3). The highest antioxidant levels founded in C1 (61.75) followed by C3 (47.94) and the lowest levels founded in C2 (42.76). The antifungal test showed the inhibitory zone against C. albicans. The highest inhibitory zone was found in C1 at 5.44 ± 1.78 mm (medium category), followed by C2 at 4.08 ± 0.86 mm (medium category), and C3 at 3.05 ± 0.23 mm (medium category). As for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value got on the concentration of 0:39% and minimum fungisidal concentration (MFC) values were at a concentration of 0.78%

Effect of pegagan (Centella asiatica) nanoparticle coated with chitosan on the cytokine profile of chronic diabetic mice

Diabetes is closely related to immune response problems when it occurs chronically. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal plant with active compounds. Madecassoside is beneficial in treating diabetes, and nanoparticle technology is expected to enhance the medicinal potential and availability of pegagan compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan-coated pegagan nanoparticles on the cytokine profile of chronic diabetic mice, which included CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+TNF-α+, CD4+IFN-γ+, CD8+IFN-γ+ and IL-6+. An experimental study with a randomized complete block design (CRD) consisting of six treatments with seven replicates was conducted. The groups were: healthy mice as negative control; diabetic mice treated with distilled water as positive control and diabetic mice treated with nanoparticle coated with chitosan (NPC) 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and metformin 130 mg/kgBW. The data were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of 5% and continued with the Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that pegagan NPC could significantly reduce the relative number of CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+TNF-α+, CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD8+IFN-γ+ and IL-6 in the dose of 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg (p<0.05). The treatment dose of 20 mg/kg reduced CD4+TNF-α+, CD8+TNF-α+, CD4+IFN-γ+, CD8+IFN-γ+ to the levels of healthy mice and a dose of 30 mg/kg could reduce IL-6 as in healthy mice. These findings suggest that chitosan-coated pegagan nanoparticles are a promising therapy for diabetes, as they have the potential to modulate the immune response associated with chronic diabetes