Health and its conditionality as a factor for increasing the level of safety in society

We are constantly aging, and the majority of diseases result from an improper diet and lack of physical movement. Health and a fit body figure is a shared dream among everyone, no matter the continent or country one is living in. For the technological advance, change in the natural and social environment, humanity has to pay a great price. More often things lead to a disordered nervous system, weakened immune system and an impairment in the functionality of the morph functional structure. Diseases of the XXI century are the most common consequences of this state; including diseases of the circulatory system, diabetes (select types), tumors, osteoporosis, obesity, asthma and other diseases of the respiratory system, back pain, neurosis, psychosomatic disorders, brain trauma, allergies and many more diseases. The purpose of the research was to determine pro-healthy behaviors of students studying in fields related to safety, selected two universities from Košice (Slovakia) and from Kraków (Poland) as a factor of increasing the level of security of the society. The research group consisted of 66 students of the Academy of Public and Individual Security in Krakow APEIRON and 70 students from the University of Security Management in Košice. An own structure survey questionnaire was used, containing 9 questions about nutrition and hydration of the body, as well as physical activity and sleep. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the following conclusions were made: the frequency and duration of physical activity undertaken among the researched students from both universities is at a similar and high level, physical activity is a priority for respondents in maintaining health and safety, both individual and in the population, nutrition, hydration and sleep in the daily life of respondents play a dominant role in health

Effect of Variable-Intensity Running Training and Circuit Training on Selected Physiological Parameters of Soccer Players

Proper planning of the training process based on individual LT and AT metabolic thresholds is essential to improve athletic performance. Development of endurance in soccer players is mainly based on continuous runs and variable-intensity runs, supplemented with strength conditioning and sport-specific training. The aim of the study was to analyse selected parameters of physical capacity of soccer players after 8-week variable-intensity running training and circuit training. The experiment was carried out in a group of 34 soccer players aged 21 to 26 years. The athletes were divided into two groups: 17 people in the experimental group and 17 people in the control group. The experimental group was involved in 30-minute tempo runs two times a week for 8 weeks with variable intensity at AT. In the same period, the control group performed two 60-minute continuous runs at the intensity of 70-75%HRmax. The determination of metabolic thresholds used two indirect tests: the multistage shuttle run test (beep test) and maximal lactate steady state test (MLSS) with author's own modification. In order to evaluate maximal heart rate (HRmax), the research procedure was started from the beep test (distance: 20 m). The speed at the first level was 8.5 km/h and increased with each level by 0.5 km/h. Training of the experimental group where variable exercise intensity was used caused a statistically significant increase in HRmax (by 1.9%) and blood lactate levels at the AT (by 20.5%). The training in the experimental group led to the statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the parameters of the following variables: HRmax (by 1.9%); lactate level (by 7.85); HR at the AT (by 1,9%); lactate level at the AT (by 20.5%). The assumptions of the experimental training did not cause statistically significant changes in pretest vs. posttest HRmax and blood lactate levels for the LT. Endurance training with high intensity is more effective in soccer players compared to training with moderate intensity. Development of special endurance in soccer should also assume the intensity and method of working similar to the method used during sport competition

Z zagadnień bezpieczeństwa biznesu

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

POSTAWA CIAŁA ZAWODNIKA KLASY MISTRZOWSKIEJ W JU-JITSU, STUDIUM PRZYPADKU

Celem pracy była ocena postawy ciała sportowca, w zakresie położenia kręgosłupa w przestrzeni, stanu wysklepienia stóp, a także rozkładu sił nacisku strony podeszwowej stóp na podłoże zawodnika klasy mistrzowskiej trenującego Ju-jitsu (studium przypadku). Wykonano badania cech somatycznych: wysokości ciała, masy ciała, długości i szerokości stóp oraz powierzchni ich stron podeszwowych. W ocenie stanu wysklepienia stóp wzięto pod uwagę poziom wysklepienia podłużnego i poprzecznego oraz stan równowagi w obrębie obu stóp. Badania cech somatycznych, a także ocena stóp zostały wykonane przez autorów pracy. Dla oceny poziomu cech somatycznych (wzrostu, masy ciała i wskaźnika BMI) oraz w obszarze stóp dla cech morfologicznych i stanu wysklepienia stóp porównano wyniki badań własnych z wykonanymi przez Lizisa. W ocenie kręgosłupa i postawy wykorzystano system DIERS Formetric III 4D, który w sposób nieinwazyjny, a także bezpieczny dla pacjenta i personelu analizuje postawę ciała w obrębie kręgosłupa i miednicy. Wyniki pomiaru są bardzo dokładne, a dzięki błyskawicznej transmisji obrazu do programu komputerowego, analiza danych następuje natychmiast po wykonaniu badania

BODY POSTURE OF A JU-JISTU CHAMPION – A CASE STUDY

The aim of the paper was to evaluate a sportsperson’s body posture regarding spine position, foot arch as well as distribution of contact force on the ground of a champion training Ju-jitsu (a case study). A study of somatic characteristics has been carried out, namely height, body weight, length and width of feet and the area of foot sole. The level of longitudinal and transverse foot arch and balance of both feet has also been taken into account. The study of somatic characteristics and feet assessment have been carried out by the authors of the paper. In order to assess the level of somatic characteristics (height, body weight and BMI index) and the area of feet and the level of foot arch, own research results have been compared with Lizis’ results. DIERS Formetic III 4D system, which enables to analyse body posture, namely spine and pelvis, in a non-invasive manner that is safe both to patients and medical personnel, has been used to assess spine and body posture. The results are very accurate and thanks to rapid image transmission to computer software, data analysis has been carried out immediately after test performance

Body Posture, Postural Stability, and Metabolic Age in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Background. The study aims to analyze the relationship between body posture and composition, as well as postural stability in Parkinson’s disease patients. Material and Methods. 32 people were evaluated. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Posturology at Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce (Poland). Body posture was examined using the optoelectronic body posture Formetric Diers Method III 4D. Postural stability was evaluated using the Biodex Balance System platform. Body composition was assessed with the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Tanita MC 780 MA analyzer. Results. 11 patients (34.37%) had hyperkyphosis, 10 (31.25%) hyperlordosis, and 3 (9.37%) hyperkyphosis-hyperlordosis posture. Scoliosis (>10°) was observed in 28 (87.5%) subjects, whereas 4 (12.5%) presented scoliotic body posture (1–9°). In the examined population, all parameters of postural stability were within normal limits. Conclusions. A significant positive correlation was observed between surface rotation (°), General Stability Index (r=0.4075, p=0.0206), and Anteroposterior Stability Index (r=0.3819, p=0.0310). There was also a significant positive correlation between surface rotation (+max) (°), General Stability Index (r=0.3526, p=0.0206), and Anteroposterior Stability Index (r=0.3873, p=0.0285). Metabolic age also presented a significant positive correlation between metabolic age and General Stability Index (r=0.4057, p=0.0212), as well as Anteroposterior Stability Index (r=0.3507, p=0.0490)

Aerobic Capacity in Relation to Selected Elements of Body Posture

Background: In the 21st century, with the rapid development of many human life areas, physical activity should be prevalent in health maintenance and promotion. Body posture is a motor habit characteristic of every individual. Its correctness depends on numerous aspects, e.g., physical activity, age, mental state, or eating habits. There are numerous reports in the literature on the impact of physical activity on body posture, correct foot arch development, and the level of aerobic capacity in children and adolescents, but there is a noticeable lack of assessments of these characteristics and their correlations in adults. Aim: To evaluate aerobic capacity in males and females in relation to selected body posture elements. Methods: The study involved 45 females and 46 males aged 20–21 years. The inclusion criteria involved declared good health and no contraindications. Selected somatic traits, body posture, and physical capacity indicators were determined. Results: Physical capacity shows a significant relationship with body mass in both sexes (female: r = −0.346; p = 0.020; male: r = −0.321; p = 0.030). A significant correlation was observed between aerobic capacity and lean body mass in females (r = −0.428; p = 0.003) and body mass (r = −0.461; p = 0.001) and body fat percentage in males (r = −0.443; p = 0.002). A significant correlation was demonstrated between maximal oxygen uptake and Clarke’s angle (r = −0.300; p = 0.045) in females, between maximal oxygen uptake and the loaded area of the right foot (r = −0.247; p = 0.098) in the male group, and between maximal oxygen uptake and spine lateral deviation (r = 0.352; p = 0.018) in females. There was no dimorphism between body posture elements and physical capacity except for the level of foot longitudinal arches, feet loading surface, spine lateral deviation, and the range of spine mobility in the sagittal and frontal planes. Aerobic capacity significantly influenced lean body mass (β = −0.379; p = 0.007) and spine deviation from the anatomical axis in the frontal plane in females (β = 0.287; p = 0.039) and body fat percentage in males (β = −0.443; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Selected body posture elements demonstrate relationships with physical capacity in both sexes. The results should find wide practical applications, e.g., in promoting a comprehensive assessment of body posture and physical capacity as determinants of health maintenance

The Effect of Extreme Cold on Complete Blood Count and Biochemical Indicators: A Case Study

Regular exposure to a cold factor&mdash;cold water swimming or ice swimming and cold air&mdash;results in an increased tolerance to cold due to numerous adaptive mechanisms in humans. Due to the lack of scientific reports on the effects of extremely low outdoor temperatures on the functioning of the human circulatory system, the aim of this study was to evaluate complete blood count and biochemical blood indices in multiple Guinness world record holder Valerjan Romanovski, who was exposed to extremely cold environment from &minus;5 &deg;C to &minus;37 &deg;C for 50 days in Rovaniemi (a city in northern Finland). Valerjan Romanovski proved that humans can function in extremely cold temperatures. Blood from the subject was collected before and after the expedition. The subject was found to have abnormalities for the following blood indices: testosterone increases by 60.14%, RBC decreases by 4.01%, HGB decreases by 3.47%, WBC decreases by 21.53%, neutrocytes decrease by 17.31%, PDW increases by 5.31%, AspAT increases by 52.81%, AlAT increase by 68.75%, CK increases by 8.61%, total cholesterol decreases by 5.88%, HDL increases by 28.18%. Percentage changes in other complete blood count and biochemical indices were within standard limits. Long-term exposure of the subject (50 days) to extreme cold stress had no noticeable negative effect on daily functioning

Knowledge of the Disease, Perceived Social Support, and Cognitive Appraisals in Women with Urinary Incontinence

Social support and knowledge of the disease have been shown to facilitate adaptation to a chronic disease. However, the adaptation process is not fully understood. We hypothesized that these factors can contribute to better adaptation to the disease through their impact on disease-related cognitive appraisal. To analyze the links between social support and the knowledge of the disease, on one hand, and disease-related appraisals, on the other hand, one hundred fifty-eight women with stress UI, aged 32 to 79, took part in the study. Questionnaire measures of knowledge of UI, social support, and disease-related appraisals were used in the study. The level of knowledge correlated significantly negatively with the appraisal of the disease as Harm. The global level of social support correlated significantly positively with three disease-related appraisals: Profit, Challenge, and Value. Four subgroups of patients with different constellations of social support and knowledge of the disease were identified in cluster analysis and were demonstrated to differ significantly on four disease-related appraisals: Profit, Challenge, Harm, and Value. Different cognitive appraisals of UI may be specifically related to social support and knowledge of the disease, with social support affective positive disease-related appraisals, and the knowledge affecting the appraisal of Harm