Sequence Analysis of the Gene Region Encoding ESAT-6, Ag85B, and Ag85 C Proteins from Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis secreted proteins in culture filtrate and early phase of infection, such as early secretory antigen target 6 (ESAT6), culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10), and antigen 85 complex i.e. Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C which played roles in adherence, invasion, cytolysis, and evading cytosol of macrophage, were virulence factors that determined the immune responses important on pathogenesis of Tuberculosis (TB), including granuloma formation or tissue that determine the degree of disease. The purpose of this research was to analyze the gene region sequence encoding ESAT-6, Ag85B, and Ag85C of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain analyzed was taken from sputum of pulmonary TB patients in East Java, Indonesia. Sequenced DNA analyzed using GENETYX Ver.10. There were no SNPs both inside and outside epitope region of gene encoding ESAT-6, Ag85B, and Ag85C from clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From this study, it could be concluded that the highly conserved gene region encoding ESAT-6, Ag85B, and Ag85C revealed no sequence polymorphism SNPs in epitope regions among Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from sputum specimens of pulmonary TB patients

Design and Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives as Inhibitors of the Ferredoxin — Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductase Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum: Pursuing New Antimalarial Agents

Some chalcones have been designed and synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt reactions as inhibitors of the ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase interaction to pursue a new selective antimalaria agent. The synthesized compounds exhibited inhibition interactions between PfFd-PfFNR in the range of 10.94%–50%. The three strongest inhibition activities were shown by (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (50%), (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (38.16%), and (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (31.58%). From the docking experiments we established that the amino group of the methoxyamino chlacone derivatives plays an important role in the inhibition activity by electrostatic interaction through salt bridges and that it forms more stable and better affinity complexes with FNR than with Fd