8,689 research outputs found
Visualizing Convolutional Networks for MRI-based Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Visualizing and interpreting convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is an
important task to increase trust in automatic medical decision making systems.
In this study, we train a 3D CNN to detect Alzheimer's disease based on
structural MRI scans of the brain. Then, we apply four different gradient-based
and occlusion-based visualization methods that explain the network's
classification decisions by highlighting relevant areas in the input image. We
compare the methods qualitatively and quantitatively. We find that all four
methods focus on brain regions known to be involved in Alzheimer's disease,
such as inferior and middle temporal gyrus. While the occlusion-based methods
focus more on specific regions, the gradient-based methods pick up distributed
relevance patterns. Additionally, we find that the distribution of relevance
varies across patients, with some having a stronger focus on the temporal lobe,
whereas for others more cortical areas are relevant. In summary, we show that
applying different visualization methods is important to understand the
decisions of a CNN, a step that is crucial to increase clinical impact and
trust in computer-based decision support systems.Comment: MLCN 201
Challenges of Primary Frequency Control and Benefits of Primary Frequency Response Support from Electric Vehicles
As the integration of wind generation displaces conventional plants, system inertia provided by rotating mass declines, causing concerns over system frequency stability. This paper implements an advanced stochastic scheduling model with inertia-dependent fast frequency response requirements to investigate the challenges on the primary frequency control in the future Great Britain electricity system. The results suggest that the required volume and the associated cost of primary frequency response increase significantly along with the increased capacity of wind plants. Alternative measures (e.g. electric vehicles) have been proposed to alleviate these concerns. Therefore, this paper also analyses the benefits of primary frequency response support from electric vehicles in reducing system operation cost, wind curtailment and carbon emissions
Application of SRAP in the genetic diversity of Tricholoma matsutake in northeastern China
Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus that produces economically important mushrooms. The study firstly applied SRAP technique into genetic diversity of T. matsutake. A total of 129 strains from 13 geographical locations in northeastern China, were amplified by using selected 12 primer pairs. The polymorphic band number amplified by each primer pair ranged from 7 to 13. In total 154 bands were observed, of which 118 were polymorphic (76.62%). Abundant genetic variation was detected within individual populations. Dongning maintained a higher genetic diversity while Hunchun was lower. The analyses found a significant positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance and no correlation between genetic distance and altitudinal differences among populations. Based on the UPGMA cluster diagram, the 13 populations may be divided with the genetic distance of 0.035 into three groups.Key words: Genetic diversity, Tricholoma matsutake, fungi, sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)
Pressure Effect on the superconducting properties of LaO_{1-x}F_{x}FeAs(x=0.11) superconductor
Diamagnetic susceptibility measurements under high hydrostatic pressure (up
to 1.03 GPa) were carried out on the newly discovered Fe-based superconductor
LaO_{1-x}F_{x}FeAs(x=0.11). The transition temperature T_c, defined as the
point at the maximum slope of superconducting transition, was enhanced almost
linearly by hydrostatic pressure, yielding a dT_c/dP of about 1.2 K/GPa.
Differential diamagnetic susceptibility curves indicate that the underlying
superconducting state is complicated. It is suggested that pressure plays an
important role on pushing low T_c superconducting phase toward the main
(optimal) superconducting phase.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Suppression of backward scattering of Dirac fermions in iron pnictides Ba(FeRuAs)
We report electronic transport of Dirac cones when Fe is replaced by Ru,
which has an isoelectronic electron configuration to Fe, using single crystals
of Ba(FeRuAs). The electronic transport of parabolic bands is
shown to be suppressed by scattering due to the crystal lattice distortion and
the impurity effect of Ru, while that of the Dirac cone is not significantly
reduced due to the intrinsic character of Dirac cones. It is clearly shown from
magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient measurements that the inverse of average
mobility, proportional to cyclotron effective mass, develops as the square root
of the carrier number (n) of the Dirac cones. This is the unique character of
the Dirac cone linear dispersion relationship. Scattering of Ru on the Dirac
cones is discussed in terms of the estimated mean free path using experimental
parameters.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, To be published in Phys. Rev.
BRST Quantization of the Proca Model based on the BFT and the BFV Formalism
The BRST quantization of the Abelian Proca model is performed using the
Batalin-Fradkin-Tyutin and the Batalin-Fradkin-Vilkovisky formalism. First, the
BFT Hamiltonian method is applied in order to systematically convert a second
class constraint system of the model into an effectively first class one by
introducing new fields. In finding the involutive Hamiltonian we adopt a new
approach which is more simpler than the usual one. We also show that in our
model the Dirac brackets of the phase space variables in the original second
class constraint system are exactly the same as the Poisson brackets of the
corresponding modified fields in the extended phase space due to the linear
character of the constraints comparing the Dirac or Faddeev-Jackiw formalisms.
Then, according to the BFV formalism we obtain that the desired resulting
Lagrangian preserving BRST symmetry in the standard local gauge fixing
procedure naturally includes the St\"uckelberg scalar related to the explicit
gauge symmetry breaking effect due to the presence of the mass term. We also
analyze the nonstandard nonlocal gauge fixing procedure.Comment: 29 pages, plain Latex, To be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
Magnetism and Superconductivity in the Two-Dimensional 16 Band d-p Model for Iron-Based Superconductors
The electronic states of the Fe2As2 plane in iron-based superconductors are
investigated on the basis of the two-dimensional 16-band d-p model which
includes the Coulomb interaction on a Fe site: the intra- and inter-orbital
direct terms U and U', the Hund's coupling J and the pair-transfer J'. Using
the random phase approximation (RPA), we obtain the magnetic phase diagram
including the stripe and the incommensurate order on the U'-J plane. We also
solve the superconducting gap equation within the RPA and find that, for large
J, the most favorable pairing symmetry is extended s-wave whose order parameter
changes its sign between the hole pockets and the electron pockets, while it is
dxy-wave for small J.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Structural study on hole-doped superconductors Pr1-xSrxFeAsO
The structural details in Pr1-xSrxFeAsO (1111) superconducting system are
analyzed using data obtained from synchrotron X-ray diffraction and the
structural parameters are carefully studied as the system is moving from
non-superconducting to hole-doped superconducting with the Sr concentration.
Superconductivity emerges when the Sr doping amount reaches 0.221. The linear
increase of the lattice constants proves that Sr is successfully introduced
into the system and its concentration can accurately be determined by the
electron density analyses. The evolution of structural parameters with Sr
concentration in Pr1-xSrxFeAsO and their comparison to other similar structural
parameters of the related Fe-based superconductors suggest that the interlayer
space between the conducting As-Fe-As layer and the insulating Pr-O-Pr layer is
important for improving Tc in the hole-doped (1111) superconductors, which
seems to be different from electron-doped systems.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
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