8,618 research outputs found
Tight-binding study of bilayer graphene Josephson junctions
Using highly efficient simulations of the tight-binding Bogoliubov-de Gennes
model we solved self-consistently for the pair correlation and the Josephson
current in a Superconducting-Bilayer graphene-Superconducting Josephson
junction. Different doping levels for the non-superconducting link are
considered in the short and long junction regime. Self-consistent results for
the pair correlation and superconducting current resemble those reported
previously for single layer graphene except in the Dirac point where remarkable
differences in the proximity effect are found as well as a suppression of the
superconducting current in long junction regime. Inversion symmetry is broken
by considering a potential difference between the layers and we found that the
supercurrent can be switched if junction length is larger than the Fermi
length
Second constant of motion for two-dimensional positronium in a magnetic field
Recent numerical work indicates that the classical motion of positronium in a
constant magnetic field does not exhibit chaotic behavior if the system is
confined to two dimensions. One would therefore expect this system to possess a
second constant of the motion in addition to the total energy. In this paper we
construct a generalization of the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector and show that a
component of this vector is a constant of the motion.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Integration of Langevin Equations with Multiplicative Noise and Viability of Field Theories for Absorbing Phase Transitions
Efficient and accurate integration of stochastic (partial) differential
equations with multiplicative noise can be obtained through a split-step
scheme, which separates the integration of the deterministic part from that of
the stochastic part, the latter being performed by sampling exactly the
solution of the associated Fokker-Planck equation. We demonstrate the
computational power of this method by applying it to most absorbing phase
transitions for which Langevin equations have been proposed. This provides
precise estimates of the associated scaling exponents, clarifying the
classification of these nonequilibrium problems, and confirms or refutes some
existing theories.Comment: 4 pages. 4 figures. RevTex. Slightly changed versio
Entangled networks, synchronization, and optimal network topology
A new family of graphs, {\it entangled networks}, with optimal properties in
many respects, is introduced. By definition, their topology is such that
optimizes synchronizability for many dynamical processes. These networks are
shown to have an extremely homogeneous structure: degree, node-distance,
betweenness, and loop distributions are all very narrow. Also, they are
characterized by a very interwoven (entangled) structure with short average
distances, large loops, and no well-defined community-structure. This family of
nets exhibits an excellent performance with respect to other flow properties
such as robustness against errors and attacks, minimal first-passage time of
random walks, efficient communication, etc. These remarkable features convert
entangled networks in a useful concept, optimal or almost-optimal in many
senses, and with plenty of potential applications computer science or
neuroscience.Comment: Slightly modified version, as accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
Recycling of quantum information: Multiple observations of quantum systems
Given a finite number of copies of an unknown qubit state that have already
been measured optimally, can one still extract any information about the
original unknown state? We give a positive answer to this question and quantify
the information obtainable by a given observer as a function of the number of
copies in the ensemble, and of the number of independent observers that, one
after the other, have independently measured the same ensemble of qubits before
him. The optimality of the protocol is proven and extensions to other states
and encodings are also studied. According to the general lore, the state after
a measurement has no information about the state before the measurement. Our
results manifestly show that this statement has to be taken with a grain of
salt, specially in situations where the quantum states encode confidential
information.Comment: 4 page
Experimental phase functions of mm-sized cosmic dust grains
We present experimental phase functions of three types of millimeter-sized
dust grains consisting of enstatite, quartz and volcanic material from Mount
Etna, respectively. The three grains present similar sizes but different
absorbing properties. The measurements are performed at 527 nm covering the
scattering angle range from 3 to 170 degrees. The measured phase functions show
two well defined regions i) soft forward peaks and ii) a continuous increase
with the scattering angle at side- and back-scattering regions. This behavior
at side- and back-scattering regions are in agreement with the observed phase
functions for the Fomalhaut and HR 4796A dust rings. Further computations and
measurements (including polarization) for millimeter sized-grains are needed to
draw some conclusions about the fluffy or compact structure of the dust grains
High-intensity interval training combined with vibration and dietary restriction Improves body composition and blood lipids in obese adults: a randomized trial
This study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with additional whole-body vibration (WBV) on
body composition and lipid profile in obese/overweight adults on a hypocaloric diet. Forty adults were randomly assigned to (a)
HIIT and vibration and hypocaloric diet (HIITWBV, n
ÂĽ
13), (b) HIIT and diet (HIIT, n
ÂĽ
14), and (c) diet only (control [CON],
n
ÂĽ
13). High-intensity interval training WBV participants trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks (6 sets
1 minute of HIIT, cycling
at 90% heart rate peak followed by 1 minute of interset vibration, at a frequency of 18 Hz increasing until 25 Hz with a peak-to-
peak displacement of 4 mm. Training volume increased 1 set every 2 weeks until 10 sets). The HIIT group performed HIIT training
followed by 2 minutes of passive recovery, while the CON continued with their daily activities combined with calorie restriction.
Body composition (body fat and fat-free mass) and biochemical indices (glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol, and triglycerides) were determined. Following 8 weeks, body fat was significantly reduced by 7.5% and both tri-
glycerides and total cholesterol decreased in the HIITWBV group only (
16.5% and
11.7% respectively). This study suggests
that HIIT in combination with WBV and a hypocaloric diet can improve overall lipid profile in overweight/obese individual
Nonequilibrium wetting of finite samples
As a canonical model for wetting far from thermal equilibrium we study a
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang interface growing on top of a hard-core substrate.
Depending on the average growth velocity the model exhibits a non-equilibrium
wetting transition which is characterized by an additional surface critical
exponent theta. Simulating the single-step model in one spatial dimension we
provide accurate numerical estimates for theta and investigate the distribution
of contact points between the substrate and the interface as a function of
time. Moreover, we study the influence of finite-size effects, in particular
the time needed until a finite substrate is completely covered by the wetting
layer for the first time.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, revisio
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