Computational and theoretical study of the wave-particle interaction of protons and waves

We study the wave-particle interaction and the evolution of electromagnetic waves propagating through a plasma composed of electrons and protons, using two approaches. First, a quasilinear kinetic theory has been developed to study the energy transfer between waves and particles, with the subsequent acceleration and heating of protons. Second, a one-dimensional hybrid numerical simulation has been performed, with and without including an expanding-box model that emulates the spherical expansion of the solar wind, to investigate the fully nonlinear evolution of this wave-particle interaction. Numerical results of both approaches show that there is an anisotropic evolution of proton temperature

Population genetic of Atlantic bonito in the north east Atlantic and Mediterranean

This study assesses the stock structure of Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) using the mitochondrial control region as a genetic marker. About 615 individuals distributed in seven locations were analyzed. Two of the locations were in the Mediterranean Sea (MD/BIL95) (Spain and Tunis), three in the northeast Atlantic (AT-NE/BIL94B) (Portugal, Tunis, Morocco and Mauritania), and one in the southeast Atlantic (AT-SE/BIL97) (Côte d’Ivoire). All these samples were obtained thanks to the participation of all authors in two Small Tuna Research Programs funded by ICCAT. The analysis of the genetic variability of the sequence of mitochondrial control regions depicts a clear heterogeneity among locations. The shared genetic pool that comprises the locations within the Mediterranean (Spain and Tunis), including also a sample from the northeast Atlantic (Portugal), is clearly different from the African locations (Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire). Moreover, these two African locations are also genetically differentiated between them. Morocco and Mauritania locations seems to be located in an intermediate situation between these two groups of locations. These results can be used to infer a management policy by ICCAT on the fisheries of this specie

The Preservation of Door Gods in Traditional Taiwanese Temples

[EN] This paper focuses on the study and conservation of the gods painted on the doors of traditional temples in Taiwan. These paintings are continually exposed to poor environmental conditions (especially sunlight, rain, and pollution) and human factors, such as continuous ritual activities. After reviewing the technical characteristics of these paintings and their origins, traditional views and contemporary practices followed in the restoration of temples are explored. Since preventive conservation is a key issue in the preservation of cultural heritage, some solutions that have already been carried out, as well as suggestions for others that could be put into practice in order to improve the situation and extend the life expectancy of these paintings, are considered. Finally, while it is inevitable to try to preserve some of the most outstanding pieces, the possibility of considering these works as ephemeral is contemplated. This may seem contradictory, but it is, in fact, a relatively common situation when addressing the conservation of religious heritage in use. Undoubtedly, the preservation of this heritage still raises many questions and exposes a number of contradictions.Wu, W.; Barros García, JM. (2020). The Preservation of Door Gods in Traditional Taiwanese Temples. Studies in Conservation. 65(8):475-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2020.1712110S475486658Clart, P., & Jones, C. B. (Eds.). (2003). Religion in Modern Taiwan. doi:10.1515/9780824845063Ferrazza, L., and D. Juanes Barber. 2014. Informe preliminar: análisis de la pintura sobre tabla de dos puertas orientales (N° de registro: 233/2014). Subdirección de Conservación, Restauración e Investigación IVC + R de CulturArts Generalitat Valenciana (unpublished).ICOMOS. 2013. The Burra Charter: The Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance. https://australia.icomos.org/publications/charters/.Li, L.F. 2004. “An Introduction to the Study of the Conservation and Restoration of Monument III- Xingji Temple’s Paintings in Tainan [台南市三級古蹟興濟宮建築彩繪保存修護研究案例介紹].” In 2004 Congress on the Conservation and Restoration of Building Paintings [年建築彩繪保存修護研習]. December 12–26, 2004. Tainan [in Chinese].Li, H.Y. 2012. Lectures on the Deterioration of Wood Structures and the Prevention and Control of Insects in Historical Buildings [古蹟歷史建築木構造生物劣化與蟲蟻防治教育研習講座]. [in Chinese].Li, L.F., M.S. Zheng, and Y.L. Cai. 2008. “The Current State of Conservation and Preservation of the Architectural Paintings of Taiwanese Temples [台灣寺廟建築彩繪保存維護現況].” In Congress on the Conservation and Preservation of Paintings on Wood in East Asian Architecture [東亞木構建築彩繪保存維護研討會]. March 14, 2008. Tainan [in Chinese].Pan, H. 2004. “The Study on the Basement Materials Coated for Architectural Paints. The Contemporary Ones in Taiwan as an Example [建築彩繪地仗層之研究-以台灣當代作法為例.” Master Diss., National Cheng Kung University, Tainan [in Chinese]. http://ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw/handle/987654321/27772.Tang, Y.F. 2006. “A Study on Thinking of the Temple Paintings Conservation in Taiwan [台灣寺廟彩畫維護思維之研究].” Master Diss., Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung [in Chinese].Tseng, Y., Wu, C., Juan, C., Wang, S., Li, Z., Kuo, K., … Wu, W. (2014). Conservation of polychrome paintings in Tien-hou Kung, Penghu, Taiwan. Studies in Conservation, 59(sup1), S271-S272. doi:10.1179/204705814x13975704320837Tung, Y.Y., and S. Hsieh. 2010. “Exploring the Approach to the Conservation and Restoration of Taiwan’s Traditional Temple Artifacts.” In Multidisciplinary Conservation: A Holistic View for Historic Interiors. ICOM-CC Interim Meeting, Rome. https://www.icom-cc.org/54/document/exploring-the-approach-to-the-conservation-and-restoration-of-taiwans-traditional-temple-artifacts/?id=862.Wu, W. 2016. “Estudio y Conservación de las Pinturas de los Dioses, Realizadas por el Pintor Cai Cao-Ru, en las Puertas de los Templos de Taiwan.” PhD diss., Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia. https://hdl.handle.net/10251/61040.Xu, M.F. 2003. “Conservation and Restoration of Paintings in Traditional Taiwanese Temples Considered Monuments: The Case of Tainan [由南瀛的案例來談台灣傳統寺廟古蹟彩畫的保存與修復].” The Landscape of Humanism: Presentations at the Tainan Traditional Art Seminar [南瀛人文景觀: 南瀛傳統藝術硏討會論文集]. Yilan: National Center for Traditional Arts [in Chinese].Xue, Q. 1997. “Techniques for the Restoration of Paintings in Traditional Constructions [傳統建築彩繪修護技術].” Traditional Art Seminar 1997 [年傳統藝術研討會論文集]. Taipei: Taipei National University of the Arts, Center for Traditional Arts [in Chinese]

The Clacton Spear: the last one hundred years

In 1911 an eminent amateur prehistorian pulled the broken end of a pointed wooden shaft from Palaeolithic-age sediments at a seaside town in Essex. This artefact, still the earliest worked wood to be discovered in the world, became known as the Clacton Spear. Over the past 100 years it has variously been interpreted as a projectile weapon, a stave, a digging stick, a snow probe, a lance, a game stake and a prod to ward off rival scavengers. These perspectives have followed academic fashions, as the popular views of early hominins have altered. Since discovery the Clacton spear has also been replicated twice, has undergone physical transformations due to preservation treatments, and has featured in two public exhibitions. Within this article the changing context of the spear, its parallels, and all previous conservation treatments and their impacts are assessed.© 2015 Royal Archaeological Institute. This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in The Archaeological Journal on 3rd March 2015, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi.org/10.1080/00665983.2015.1008839.The attached document is the author(’s’) final accepted/submitted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it

REPORT ON THE 2020 ICCAT WORKSHOP ON SMALL TUNAS BIOLOGY STUDIES FOR GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION.

SUMMARY This report describes the 2020 ICCAT workshop on small tunas biology studies for growth and reproduction, hosted by the Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Málaga, Spain. The major objectives of the workshop were: 1) starting the creation of ageing and reproduction reference sets and, 2) providing more training for the ongoing sample collection and processing to the teams involved in these studies. As approved by the SCRS in 2017, the Small Tuna Species Group intersessional meeting decided to prioritize the collection of biological samples aiming at growth, maturity and stock structure studies on three species: little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus), Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) and wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri), based on their economic importance and the lack of knowledge on their biology. This work will contribute to the next major advance in the assessment of these three species. RÉSUMÉ Le présent rapport décrit l'atelier de l’ICCAT tenu en 2020 sur les études de la biologie des thonidés mineurs pour la croissance et la reproduction, organisé par l'Instituto Español de Oceanografía, à Malaga, en Espagne. Les principaux objectifs de l'atelier étaient les suivants : 1) commencer à créer des ensembles de référence sur la détermination de l’âge et la reproduction et 2) fournir une formation plus poussée sur la collecte et le traitement des échantillons aux équipes participant à ces études. Tel qu’approuvé par le SCRS en 2017, lors de la réunion intersessions du Groupe d'espèces sur les thonidés mineurs, il a été décidé de donner la priorité à la collecte d'échantillons biologiques visant à étudier la croissance, la maturité et la structure des stocks de trois espèces : la thonine commune (Euthynnus alletteratus), la bonite à dos rayé (Sarda) et le thazard-bâtard (Acanthocybium solandri), sur la base de leur importance économique et des connaissances lacunaires sur leur biologie. Ces travaux contribueront à la prochaine grande avancée dans l'évaluation de ces trois espèces. RESUMEN Este informe describe el taller de ICCAT de 2020 sobre estudios de biología de pequeños túnidos para crecimiento y reproducción, acogido por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía en Málaga, España. Los principales objetivos del taller eran: 1) empezar la creación de conjuntos de referencia de determinación de la edad y reproducción y 2) facilitar más formación a los equipos involucrados en estos estudios para la recopilación de muestras y procesamiento en curso. Como aprobó el SCRS en 2017, en la Reunión intersesiones del Grupo de especies de pequeños túnidos se decidió priorizar la recopilación de muestras biológicas con miras a estudios de crecimiento, madurez y estructura del stock de tres especies: bacoreta (Euthynnus alletteratus), bonito (Sarda sarda) y peto (Acanthocybium solandri), basándose en su importancia económica y la falta de conocimientos sobre su biología. Este trabajo contribuirá a avanzar en la próxima evaluación de estas tres especies.Versión del edito