Metodología para determinar la distribución de puntos de acceso a servicios de gobierno electrónico

Este trabajo es de interés para territorios en países en vías de desarrollo que tengan información escasa o limitada sobre la cual planificar Puntos de Acceso a Servicios (PAS). Está pensado para territorios que actualmente no cuenten con ningún o con escasos PAS y que estén interesados en aplicar esta estrategia para proveer de servicios a los ciudadanos de su territorio. Aquí se dan claves para tener una respuesta con base técnica para decidir cuántos PAS poner en el territorio y dónde ubicarlos. Ante la pregunta de ¿cómo realizar una distribución de puntos de acceso a servicios de gobierno electrónico sobre un territorio determinado?, este trabajo toma en cuenta tres variables: tamaño de la población, distancia entre poblaciones y costo de implantación de los puntos de acceso. Este proceso se basa en la teoría de localización de instalaciones y usa algoritmos genéticos como herramienta técnica. Se ha hecho la aplicación de esta metodología en dos contextos: el Municipio de Santa Elena (Ecuador) y en la provincia de Asturias (España). La selección de estos dos territorios se ha planteado para resaltar las diferencias de esfuerzos en la aplicación de una misma metodología en ambos contextos

An Opportunity for Free Software Companies: Emerging Market at Developing Countries

In recent years many aspects of the software business have changed. Software companies have gone from producing software applications and selling their proprietary code to providing open source applications and focusing their business on offering services related to the adaptation, installation, and maintenance of that software, together with related training. Libre software companies use a business model which provides new opportunities in markets where proprietary software is not viable. In this article we describe an interesting business opportunity which is emerging for libre software companies: the software needs of developing countries. These countries are becoming an emerging market for development software, a market which is particularly interesting because, bearing in mind their special needs and constraints, they are a perfect are scenario for the libre software approach. Finally, we will also discuss the influence of a number of catalysts which are really having an effect on this target market

UBURYO: open source software for managing microcredits in education

One of the major problems in developing countries is minority access to higher education. Traditional scholarships usually focus on paying tuition fees for bringing brilliant students to developed countries (from where they seldom return). But local grants seldom target the more needy students. We propose a system of student loans to pay tuition fees in exchange for technical work. This appears to be a satisfactory and sustainable solution. We also provide UBURYO (a Kirundi word meaning opportunity). UBURYO is the free open source software, that we have developed, to manage this loan system in a simple, trustworthy, fair and efficient way

Una oportunidad para las empresas de software libre: mercado emergente en los países en vías de desarrollo

Durante los últimos años el negocio del software ha cambiado en muchos aspectos. Las compañías de software han evolucionado desde producir aplicaciones software y vender su código propietario, a proporcionar aplicaciones de código abierto y centrar su negocio en ofrecer servicios relativos a su adaptación, instalación, mantenimiento y formación de usuarios. Las compañías de software libre emplean un modelo de negocio que proporciona nuevas oportunidades en mercados donde el software privativo es inviable. En este artículo describimos una interesante oportunidad de negocio que está surgiendo para estas compañías: las necesidades de software de los países en vías de desarrollo. Estos países están creando un mercado emergente para el desarrollo de software especialmente interesante porque si sus necesidades y limitaciones especiales son tenidas en cuenta son un escenario perfecto para el enfoque del software libre. Finalmente, será también discutida la influencia de algunos catalizadores que están realmente actuando en este mercado objetivo

E-Learning aplicado a la cooperacion como herramienta educativa en la motivacion de profesores y alumnos.

Las tecnologías en general, y en especial las centradas en la información y las comunicaciones (TIC), están rompiendo barreras en el escenario social actual. Su dominio se hace indispensable para cualquier profesional, y en la educación el alcance se está viendo ampliado debido a la existencia de una comunicación más allá del aula (e-learning). La Universidad, como fuente de innovación en el método educativo, está adaptando su modelo con propuestas como la aquí descrita. A través de la implicación del alumno en proyectos de e-learning con países en vías de desarrollo, se trata de mejorar la motivación del estudiante, el desarrollo de un conjunto de competencias transversales y la transferencia tecnológica en el ámbito de la cooperación para el desarrollo. En este artículo se presenta también la experiencia propia en un caso real, con la que los participantes han logrado cumplir este triple objetivo

Efficient implementation of general negation using abstract interpretation

While negation has been a very active área of research in logic programming, comparatively few papers have been devoted to implementation issues. Furthermore, the negation-related capabilities of current Prolog systems are limited. We recently presented a novel method for incorporating negation in a Prolog compiler which takes a number of existing methods (some modified and improved) and uses them in a combined fashion. The method makes use of information provided by a global analysis of the source code. Our previous work focused on the systematic description of the techniques and the reasoning about correctness and completeness of the method, but provided no experimental evidence to evalúate the proposal. In this paper, after proposing some extensions to the method, we provide experimental data which indicates that the method is not only feasible but also quite promising from the efficiency point of view. In addition, the tests have provided new insight as to how to improve the proposal further. Abstract interpretation techniques (in particular those included in the Ciao Prolog system preprocessor) have had a significant role in the success of the technique

c&d-learning implementation architecture: Adapting e-learning to developing countries

From the educational point of view, the most widespread method in developing countries is on-site education. Technical and economic resources cannot support conventional distance learning infrastructures and it is even worse for courses in universities. They usually suffer a lack of qualified faculty staff, especially in technical degrees. The literature suggest that e-learning is a suitable solution for this problem, but its methods are developed attending to educational necessities of the First World and cannot be applied directly to other contexts. The proposed methodology is a variant of traditional e-learning adapted to the needs of developing countries. E-learning for Cooperation and Development (c&d-learning) is oriented to be used for educational institutions without adequate technical or human resources. In this paper we describe the c&d-learning implementation architecture based on three main phases: hardware, communication and software; e.g. computer and technical equipping, internet accessing and e-learning platform adaptation. Proper adaptation of educational contents to c&d-learning is discussed and a real case of application in which the authors are involved is described: the Ngozi University at Burundi

University Networking in Developing Countries based on C4D-Learning

In recent years, the establishment of cooperation networks between universities is one of the most important trends in higher education all over the world. Well recognized local and international university networks have been implemented in most educational institutions. It is common to find associations of various prestigious universities collaborating in a high-­‐technology research project including a very specialized teaching as well. This is the most common cooperation networks among higher education institutions in developed countries. An increasingly common type of networking between developed and developing universities is related to cooperation for development. This is the case of many universities in Africa that are needed for external help in order to improve its capabilities. Numerous memorandums of understanding regarding first world institutions that collaborate with universities in developing countries describe contributions of eventual visiting professors, teaching material and courses. But probably there exist another type of more important, but less explored association, such as networking among developing universities. The new goal, in this case, is not only the excellence but also the mutual development

Evaluation of an application for managing microcredits in education

One of the major problems in developing countries is minority access to higher education. Traditional scholarships usually focus on paying eventually tuition fees or bringing brilliant students to develop countries. Additionally, these systems used to be opaque and, consequently, a corruption source. We propose a system of student loans to pay tuition fees in exchange for work. We also provide UBURYO. It is the FOSS, that we have developed, to manage this loan system in a simple, trustworthy, fair and efficient way. We deployed the loan system in the University of Ngozi (UNG, Burundi). A shallow evaluation demonstrates that system sustainability is feasible

Thin Client Technology in the Academic Environment

From research groups at the universities of developed countries there is a growing interest in providing solutions to problems of developing countries. In this context we have studied typical problems in many (educational) institutions, such as the lack of technicians who repair the computers, the administration of the machines, and also the difficulty to maintain and configure the old hardware available due to the variety of characteristics of the different machines and the amount of hardware breakdowns and software issues (viruses, administration issues) that the local staff has to face up to with their equipments. We propose a thin client approach that takes into account the human, hardware and software characteristics of developing institutions to provide a complete service for a computer network. The network administration is reduced to the administration of one server only. The maintenance of the machines is simplified and old computers can simulate the running of a powerful computer. Our proposal results in a cheap, simple (from the support point of view) and powerful (in terms of achieved functionalities) design