Non-steady state chloride migration and binding in cracked self-compacting concrete

We adopted a notch method to study the influence of crack width (macro level) on chloride transport and binding of cracked concrete under a non-steady state migration test. The results show that migration coefficient of cracked concrete increases with increasing crack width up to a critical value (0.43 mm), for the whole concrete or the area close to crack; the increase of migration coefficient could be independent from crack parameter when a critical crack width is reached. For chloride binding, Langmuir isotherms of cracked concrete samples exhibit the similar decreasing trend as crack width increases from 0.27 to 1.96 mm. The increased current value could be responsible for the trend based on the hypothesis of electric force

Earth reflector type classification based on multispectral remote sensing image

Earth’s reflectivity is one of the key parameters of climate change, Earth’s radiation budget research and so on. It is determined by the characteristic of Earth atmosphere components. Earth atmosphere components vary strongly in both spatially and temporally, thus complete spatial mosaics and/or richer time series information are needed. In this study, we developed an Earth Reflector Type Index (ERTI) to discriminate major Earth atmosphere components: clouds, cloud-free ocean, bare and vegetated land. Results show that the probability of the ERTI method with selected thresholds being able to discriminate between cloudy and cloud-free scenes is about 82%. ERTI can be used to interpret global Earth’s reflectivity and its temporal variation.Accepted manuscrip

Thermodynamic Instabilities of Conformal Gravity Holography in Four Dimensions

Recently, a conjecture has been proposed, which indicates a correlation between super-entropy black holes and the thermodynamic instability \cite{Cong:2019bud}. W.Cong et al. suggested that the $C_{V}$ (specific heat capacity at constant volume) and $C_{P}$ (specific heat capacity at constant pressure) of a super-entropy black hole could not be greater than zero simultaneously as set in the extended phase space, which implies that the black hole is unstable in extended thermodynamics. This conjecture is intriguing and meaningful. Therefore, we did a study on that. After deriving the equations of specific heat capacities as well as plotting the relevant curves of the four-dimensional conformal black holes (a kind of super-entropy black hole), we obtained regions on the graphs where $C_{V}$ and $C_{P}$ are simultaneously greater than zero, which contradicts the conjecture that super-entropy black hole corresponds to its thermodynamic instability. Thus far, we have provided a counterexample to the hypothesis in \cite{Cong:2019bud}.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Thermodynamic instability and the violation of reverse isoperimetric inequality in Torus-like black hole

Recently, conjectures have been made that there is a correlation between thermodynamic instability and super-entropy~\cite{{Johnson:2019mdp},{Cong:2019bud}}. In this paper, we started with torus-like black holes and verified the correlation mentioned above. After solving the specific analytical solutions of the specific heat capacity at constant volume $C_{V}$, the specific heat capacity at constant pressure $C_{P}$ and plotting the figures, we obtained the results which are consistent with the hypothesis from Ref. \cite{Cong:2019bud}. To further verify the generality of conjectures, we explored the BTZ black hole in nonlinear electrodynamics and phantom AdS black hole. And then the results are summarized via a table. Ultimately, the comparison among these three black holes leads us to the conclusion that there is no essential connection between thermodynamic instability and super-entropy.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl