The undermining of young ministers of religion as illustrated in P. T. Mtuze’s Indlel’ ecand’ intlango

Abstract: This article investigates the undermining of young ministers of religion by members of the public and congregants, as it is illustrated in P. T. Mtuze’s novel; Indlel’ecand’intlango (1985). This investigation is fulfilled by considering how Ntobeko Ndleleni, who is a young pastor and the leading character in the story, is looked down upon both by members of society and his congregation. The undermining by members of the public is discussed as it is presented taking place at a train station in King William’s Town, where passengers comment on this character. The denigration by members of the congregation is revealed in a conversation by congregants referring to this cleric. The question this essay is attempting to answer is whether Mtuze exemplifies this tendency convincingly in his novel. Nouns such as usana (an infant), iqhajana (a young haughty person) and umfundisana (a young pastor), and the adverb ngamakhwenkwe (by boys), which are used by the characters who denigrate Ntobeko, are discussed. It is also revealed how some of these expressions are used in their diminutive form to emphasise the belittling of this cleric. A definition of the concept of ‘undermining’ is included as part of the study. Lastly, a concluding section is included where the summary and evaluation, and recommendations are provided

The practice of Ubuntu with regard to amaMfengu among amaXhosa as depicted in S. E. K. Mqhayi’s Ityala Lamawele

Abstract: This article examines the practice of Ubuntu by the traditional amaXhosa towards amaMfengu who came to them as strangers and refugees during the nineteenth century. This is achieved by considering the light shared in Mqhayi’s historical novel Ityala Lamawele, which illustrates the response of this nation towards the arrival of amaMfengu. More evidence of this response is sought from various historical sources. The manner in which these newcomers were embraced and assimilated into the nation of amaXhosa forms the bulk of this discourse. An explanation of the concept of ubuntu is included in this research. A historical background of amaMfengu will be provided in the discussion. This article is also intended to contribute towards the promotion of African Renaissance and Pan Africanism in current and future generations. Keywrds: Ubuntu, amaXhosa, amaMfengu, refugees, strangers, S. E. K. Mqhayi, Ityala Lamawele, Gcalekaland

Dialogue in S. A. Dazela’s Izono zakho ziya kukujikela

This article investigates the use of dialogue in the depiction of the main character, Mpumlo’s personality traits in S. A. Dazela’s novel, Izono zakho ziya kukujikela (“Your sins will turn against you”, 1991). Mpumlo is the lead character in the novel. The aspects of Mpumlo’s personality, as depicted through dialogue, that feature prominently in the novel, include his kindness and humaneness, caring, being a liar, dangerousness, jealousy, cruelty, sarcasm, irresponsibility, cheating, rudeness and disrespect. All these traits will be highlighted. A discussion is also presented of the concepts of dialogue and personality in general and of Mpumlo’s personality traits in particular. &nbsp

Parallelism in G. V. Mona’s UVulindlela

This article examines the use of parallelism in the poetry of G. V. Mona as contained in the anthology UVulindlela (“The Pathfinder”, 1995). The discussion in this article commences by defining the concept of parallelism. Parallelism is discussed as it takes different forms, which include complete parallelism, incomplete parallelism and parallelism by linking. These forms are selected as they are clearly used in the poetry under study. The article also demonstrates what purpose is fulfilled by the parallelism used in Mona’s poetry. Lastly, a concluding remark is included, where some findings and observations about the use of parallelism in Mona’s poetry are highlighted.&nbsp

The poetry of S.M. Burns-Ncamashe

This thesis is a critical examination of the poetry of S. M. Bums-Ncamashe. In his poetry Bums-Ncamashe handles poems of different categories; namely praise poetry, elegiac poetry, didactic poetry and protest poetry. He also employs a number of devices that determine amongst others, the form and imagery of his poetry. They are also used to add clarity to the meaning of his poetry. All this is discussed in the chapters numerated below: Chapter one outlines the basic guidelines to be followed in this study. It presents the aim of the study, scope of the work and method of research. A definition of the concept poetry is also provided in this chapter. The biography of Bums-Ncamashe and the influence of his background on his poetry are also part of this first chapter. Chapter two discusses the characteristics of Bums-N camashe' s praise poetry and the functions this poetry fulfils. Chapter three is a discussion ofBums-Ncamashe's elegiac, didactic and protest poetry. Chapter four discusses the devices that determine the form ofBums-Ncamashe's poetry. These include repetition, contrast, compounding, ideophones, and interjectives. Chapter five concentrates on imagery and other aspects of Bums-Ncamashe's poetry. Imagery is discussed from the viewpoint of simile, metaphor, personification and symbolism. Also included in this chapter is euphemism, hyperbole, idiomatic expressions, humour, satire and adaptation. Chapter six is a concluding chapter in which some findings and recommendations from the entire study are reflected upon.African LanguagesD.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages

Xenophobic or not? a case of amaXhosa with regard to amaGqunuqhwa as reflected in M. A. P. Ngani’s Umkhonto kaTshiwo

Abstract: This article seeks to answer the question of whether the traditional amaXhosa, particularly under the leadership of Khwane, were xenophobic or not. This will be fulfilled by examining the light shed in M. A. P. Ngani’s historical drama text Umkhonto kaTshiwo (1985) which reflects the response of this community to amaGqunuqhwa (the Griquas) that came to them as strangers. Historical evidence of what this text is illustrating will be sought from various sources. The manner in which these newcomers were accepted and assimilated into the nation of amaXhosa, and the subsequent formation of the nation of amaGqunukhwebe (a sub-group of amaXhosa), will form the bulk of the different sections of this discourse. For clarity of the topic, an explanation of the concept of xenophobia will be included in the research. Towards the end of the presentation, concluding remarks will be included encompassing the summary of the study, findings and recommendations. Key words: Xenophobia, amaXhosa, amaGqunuqhwa (Griquas), Khwane, Mngaza, MAP Ngani, Umkhonto kaTshiwo, amaGqunukhwebe

Alliteration in W. Shasha’s Zihlabana nje Ziyalamba

Abstract: This paper examines the use of alliteration in Welile Shasha’s poetry contained in Zihlabana nje Ziyalamba. This aspect is chosen as Shasha uses it very intensively in his poetry. Alliteration is discussed as demonstrated by the use of assonance and consonance in the poetry. To be considered then is the repetition of vowel and consonant sounds. The subheadings of this discourse are introduction, theoretical framework, research methodology, assonance and consonance. The concept of alliteration is defined as part of the introductory section of the study. A concluding remark, which provides the summary of the research, evaluation and recommendation for further study, will be included towards the end of the discourse. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is that of literary stylistics. The study uses the qualitative research methodology of data collection and analysis

Types of sentences in Mqapheli Mngadi’s cartoons

Abstract: This article examines the types of sentences used by Mqapheli Mngadi in his cartoons. This is done as it has been observed that Mngadi employs different types of sentences, in quite an artistic manner, in his works. The types of sentences to be considered include simple sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences. Each type will be defined and then applied to the relevant cartoons, revealing how it is used. The cartoons to be considered will be provided as part of the discussion, to illustrate where the sentences are found. The different sections of this paper are: Introduction, Simple sentences, Compound sentences and Complex sentences. A concluding remark will be provided towards the end of the article. The concepts of ‘cartoon’ and ‘sentence’ will be defined as part of the introductory section of the discourse

Proverbs in R. N. Phume’s Bohloko ba Maikutlo

Abstract: This article examines R. N. Phume’s use of proverbs in his volume of Sesotho poems entitled Bohloko ba Maikutlo. The proverbs to be considered are found in the poems: ‘Bohloko ba maikutlo’, ‘Motho’, ‘Re ka kgona’, ‘Moshanyana’ and ‘Ihlo la moya’, which are found in the said volume. The proverbs to be discussed, as found in the poems, are nnete re entse letsoho la monna (truly we’ve done a man’s hand), ha ho tume feela di melala (it’s not only the fat necks that gain fame), kgakgi o kgakga se ya beng se sa o kgakge (care about a person who does not care about you), moaha moriti ruri ha a o dule (the creator of a shade does not sit in it), ihlo la kgutsana ke lebone (the eye of an orphan is a light), and monate o utlwa ke moetsi, athe bohloko bo utlwa ke moetsuwa (happiness is felt by the doer, while pain is felt by the victim). The concept of ‘proverb’ will be defined as part of the introductory section of this study. The different sections of the article are the introduction and discussion. A concluding remark will be included towards the end of the discourse

The hero’s journey in GB Sinxo’s UNomsa

This article examines the hero’s journey in GB Sinxo’s novel UNomsa. It considers the twelve stages: the ordinary world; the call to adventure; refusal of the call; meeting the mentor; crossing the first threshold; tests, allies and enemies; approach to the inmost cave; the ordeal; reward; the road back; resurrection; and return with the elixir. While not all stages will occur in all narratives nor be in any specific order, this discourse reveals which ones apply to UNomsa and in which order. Various scholars have different approaches to this topic, but for the purpose of this article, Vogler’s approach is the most appropriate. The hero’s journey is considered with regard to Nomsa, the main character and heroine in the narrative