Effect of Family Size and Sex Preference on Contraceptive Use Among Married Women in Morogoro Municipality

This study was conducted with the purpose of determining whether sonpreference exists in the study area as well as establishing the ideal family size among married women. These were correlated with contraceptive behaviour in order to establish their relationships. The study was conducted to a sample of 135 randomly selected married women aged between 15-49 years from Morogoro Municipality. Both a questionnaire and focus group interviews were used to collect the data. The results showed that mean ideal number of desired children was 4.2. When ideal family size was compared with contraceptive behavior results indicated the increase of current and intention to use contraceptive methods to women with more than two children. Majority of respondents did not show strong sex preference. When related with contraceptive use, current use of  contraceptive use was found to be high among respondents with children of both sexes and low for respondents with children of single sex. Looking into actual sex composition, 47.3% had more boys than girls. When actual family size was related to contraceptive use, it was observed that majority were currently using contraceptive (67%), the same pattern was noted with the intention to use contraceptives, which was high - especially to those respondents with one or two children. The study recommends that, although the current use and intention to use contraceptives was high in the study area, more effort is needed to make sure that continuation rate is also high.Key words: Contraceptives, family size, sex preference, married wome

Challenges Facing Supervisors and Students in the Process of Writing Theses/Dissertations under ODL: Experiences from The Open University of Tanzania

This paper discusses problems facing supervisors and students in writing dissertations/theses. The paper refers to the Open University of Tanzania (OUT) as the case study. Data were collected using formal meetings, questionnaire administration and documentary analysis. The data from the questionnaire were analysed by the help of the Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while the qualitative data were analysed through content and thematic analysis. The paper established that communication, supervisorstudent relationship, access to literature, plagiarism, and poor writing skills among some students are some of the key challenges facing students and supervisors in writing dissertations/theses at OUT. The paper recommends that communication between students and supervisors need to be strengthened through both parties abiding by professionalism. Strengthening the use of progress reports and arrangement of supervision seminars more frequently would minimize problems related to miscommunication. Students are encouraged to maximally utilize online sources of literature. The use of internet would also reduce unnecessary delays of supervisors’ feedback. The Open University of Tanzania needs to revise payments for supervisors so that supervisors are motivated to timely accomplish their tasks.Key Words: The Open University of Tanzania, supervision of postgraduate students, communication, motivation, writing skill