Lessons Learned: Can a Principled Mechanism for Improving Health Equity be Integrated into a Budgetary Process?

Health equity is the social justice lens that public health institutions across the United States have increasingly embraced as a mandate, however there are few jurisdictions addressing how to prioritize funding toward that end. The practical translation of a social justice concept necessitates the creation of a budgetary tool and an implementation process that identifies those with the highest levels of health disparity and social disadvantage. Using the San Francisco Department of Public Health (SFDPH) as its central case, this paper argues that for health delivery systems to be socially just and to achieve health equity, these systems must not only establish the principle that health equity is important, they must prioritize their funding to achieve it. The broad public health mission to protect and promote the health of all will create ethical and methodological challenges when it comes to prioritizing one group’s needs over others. This paper addresses the first steps toward creating a budget prioritization method that is feasible for managers to administer while also being transparent to the public, summarizes lessons learned, and discusses ethical dilemmas that jurisdictions will face when implementing health equity into a budgetary process

The development and the impact of Organic Farming Policy in the European Regions (1998-2003)

This paper summarises the findings of WP 1.3 and WP 2 of the EU-CEEOFP project. Specifically, it presents the results of the analysis of the development and impact of Organic Farming Policy at the regional level in the EU-15

Risk factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis in pre-school children in the city of Salvador, Brazil.

A cross-sectional study of 694 children aged 2 to 45 months selected from 30 clusters throughout the city of Salvador, Bahia (pop. 2.3 million) was carried out as part of a longitudinal study of diarrhoea in order to identify risk factors for infection with Giardia duodenalis. Variables studied included three social and demographic factors (such as mother's education and marital status), five relating to the peri-domestic environment (rubbish disposal, open sewers, paving of the street), seven relating to the home itself (house construction, susceptibility to flooding, water supply and sanitation) as well as a score for hygiene behaviour based on structured observation. After multivariate analysis using a hierarchical model, only four significant risk factors were found: (a) number of children in the household under five years (b) rubbish not collected from the house (c) presence of visible sewage nearby, and (d) absence of a toilet. All four were significant at the 1% level

Germany, France and NATO

U.S. national strategy and U.S. Army doctrine explicitly establish the overwhelming need for, and value of, coalitions and alliances in the post-cold war era. Two generations of U.S. civil officials and military officers have been inculcated with the precept of NATO\u27s importance to security and stability in Europe. Free of the confines of the cold war, competing national interests and different national perceptions have transformed the Alliance. While NATO retains its value to U.S. national interests in Europe, the lack of a common threat now is producing a different Alliance. Clearly, if the Alliance is to survive and remain meaningful, an understanding of NATO and its political subtleties will be essential. To provide a wider understanding of the changed nature of the Alliance, Dr. Peter Schmidt of the Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik in Ebenhausen, Germany, examines the current policies of France and Germany, the two largest continental NATO powers, toward NATO. Dr. Schmidt presented this paper in June 1994 to a roundtable sponsored by the American Institute for Contemporary Germany Studies and the Chief of Staff of the Army\u27s Strategic Outreach Program. Approximately two dozen European experts participated in this roundtable ably recorded by Ms Maria Alongi.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1888/thumbnail.jp

Role of business leaders in the integrality of the working indivual

In a world where the benefit to the common good has been overshadowed by the need to spur demand to increase profitability, one begins to wonder if business has turned a blind eye and if the workforce has grown so detached that who they are at work is different from who they are outside the workplace. Fragmentation (Alford and Naughton 2001) and compartmentalization (McIntyre as cited in Martin 2011, Rozuel 2011) at varying degrees and across different arenas have become possible traps for every worker

Evaluating the Needs of Cancer Survivors through Focus Groups and Surveillance Data

Abstract: Introduction As cancer prevention and treatment advances, cancer survival rates continue to increase. The growing population of cancer survivors have unique needs that must be addressed to improve quality of life throughout the cancer-care continuum. Methods Using data compiled from the 2015 Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (MiBRFS), the Cancer Registry, and focus groups, several areas of need amongst cancer survivors were identified. Results In focus groups cancer survivors identified the 27 needs that fell into three categories: improving health-related behavior, utilizing health care services, and receiving emotional support. The MiBRFS provided population estimates for 10 of the 27 needs that were identified by the survivors. Conclusions As the cancer survival rate increases, providers and public health workers must implement and promote services that provide care to patients from diagnosis to post-treatment. A population surveillance system, in conjunction with focus groups, can shed light onto the exact needs that must be addressed. Surveillance data can demonstrate the impact of public health interventions, like tobacco cessation policies and system change projects, which ultimately impact the health and quality of life of cancer survivors