Population Structure and Oxacillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from Pigs and Pork Meat in South-West of Poland

The genotypes and oxacillin resistance of 420 S. aureus isolates from pigs ( = 203) and pork ( = 217) were analyzed. Among 18 spa types detected in S. aureus from pig t011, t021, t034, t091, t318, t337, and t1334 were the most frequent. Among 30 spa types found in S. aureus isolates from pork t084, t091, t499, t4309, t12954, and t13074 were dominant. The animal S. aureus isolates were clustered into MLST clonal complexes CC7, CC9, CC15, CC30, and CC398 and meat-derived isolates to CC1, CC7, and CC15. Thirty-six MRSA were isolated exclusively from pigs. All MRSA were classified to spa t011 SCCmecV. BORSA phenotype was found in 14% S. aureus isolates from pigs and 10% isolates from pork meat. spa t034 dominated among BORSA from pigs and t091 among meat-derived BORSA. This is the first report on spa types and oxacillin resistance of S. aureus strains from pigs and pork meat in Poland. Besides S. aureus CC9, CC30, and CC398 known to be distributed in pigs, the occurrence of genotype belonging to CC7 in this species has been reported for the first time. To our knowledge it is also the first report concerning CC398 BORSA isolates from pigs and pork meat

A study on the formation environment of the La Cumbre amber deposit, from Santiago Province, the northwestern part of the Dominican Republic

The amber-bearing coaly shale from the La Cumbre deposit (Cordillera Septentrional, Dominican Republic) contains a large quantity of altered, coalified plant detritus. The coals in these shales are in the transition stage from meta-lignite to subbituminous coals. They are composed mainly of inertinite macerals such as fusinite, semifusinite, macrinite and secretinite. Fossil resin found in the deposit occurs in two forms: detrital grains up to several centimetres in size (type I) and very fine authigenic grains, of a few micrometers in size, inside the humic laminae (type II, resinite). The detrital fossil resins are transparent, with few mineral and organic inclusions. In their composition they contain sulfides, which may come from sulfate reduction, inclusions of plants and/or insects or be caused by volcanic activity developed in surrounding coal series. The resinites are strongly saturated with various inclusions and spatially associated with framboidal pyrite aggregates. Both fossil resin types were probably deposited in a shallow coastal lake environment in the zone bordering the floodplain of the river, with periodic floods. The marine environment conditions, which were progressively changing from oxidizing to reducing, are likely associated with the formation of the fossil resin

Mutational analysis in podocin-associated hereditary nephrotic syndrome in Polish patients: founder effect in the Kashubian population

Hereditary nephrotic syndrome is caused by mutations in a number of different genes, the most common being NPHS2. The aim of the study was to identify the spectrum of NPHS2 mutations in Polish patients with the disease. A total of 141 children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) were enrolled in the study. Mutational analysis included the entire coding sequence and intron boundaries of the NPHS2 gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and TaqMan genotyping assay were applied to detect selected NPHS2 sequence variants in 575 population-matched controls. Twenty patients (14 %) had homozygous or compound heterozygous NPHS2 mutations, the most frequent being c.1032delT found in 11 children and p.R138Q found in four patients. Carriers of the c.1032delT allele were exclusively found in the Pomeranian (Kashubian) region, suggesting a founder effect origin. The 14 % NPHS2 gene mutation detection rate is similar to that observed in other populations. The heterogeneity of mutations detected in the studied group confirms the requirement of genetic testing the entire NPHS2 coding sequence in Polish patients, with the exception of Kashubs, who should be initially screened for the c.1032delT deletion

The sense of security of the residents of Krakow settlements Centre A and st. Kluczborskiej

StreszczenieCelem głównym mojej pracy było poznanie jak kształtuje się poczucie bezpieczeństwa wśród mieszkańców osiedla Centrum A i osiedla przy ulicy Kluczborskiej. Celem praktycznym było sformułowanie propozycji, dyrektyw dla organów administracji odpowiedzialnych za planowanie przestrzeni, dla instytucji odpowiedzialnych za ochronę i bezpieczeństwo mieszkańców w celu, optymalizacji poczucia bezpieczeństwa.Niniejsza praca składa się z wstępu, podsumowania oraz trzech elementarnych części - rozdziałów. Pierwsza część pierwsza ( teoretyczna) stanowi przegląd znalezionych przeze mnie publikacji książkowych, internetowych, artykułów dotyczących poczucia bezpieczeństwa.Drugi rozdział jest opisem metodologii badań własnych wraz z sformułowanym przeze mnie problemem badawczym i problemami szczegółowymi. Trzecia część tej pracy to analiza wyników badań własnych. Z przeprowadzonych przeze mnie analiz wynika, że największy wpływ na poczucie bezpieczeństwa badanych mieszkańców osiedla Centrum A i ul. Kluczborskiej mają relacje sąsiedzkie. Natomiast czynniki urbanistyczno-architektoniczne nie przesądzają o stanie poczucia bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców, choć również nie są bez znaczenia. Stworzyłam również czterdzieści propozycji mogących pomóc zaprojektować działania, programy mające na celu poprawę i optymalizację poczucia bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców danych osiedli.AbstractThe main aim of my work was to investigate how the sense of security among the residents of the estate and the estate center A on Kluczborska Street manifests . The practical aim was to formulate directives and proposals for the authorities responsible for space planning, and for the institutions responsible for the protection and safety of residents, in order to optimize security.This work consists of an introduction, a summary and three elementary parts - chapters. The first chapter (theoretical) is a review of the books I found, and online articles relating to security.The second chapter is a description of the research methodology formulated by me, along with my research problem and specific problems. The third chapter of this work is the analysis of the results themselves. The conducted analysis shows that neighborly relations have the greatest impact on the sense of safety of the study population in settlements Centre A and Kluczborska St. In contrast, urban architectural factors do not determine the residents' sense of security, but are not completely without significance. I created forty proposals that could help develop action programs designed to improve and enhance the sense of security of the inhabitants of the examined settlements

Population Structure and Oxacillin Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from Pigs and Pork Meat in South-West of Poland

The genotypes and oxacillin resistance of 420 S. aureus isolates from pigs (n=203) and pork (n=217) were analyzed. Among 18 spa types detected in S. aureus from pig t011, t021, t034, t091, t318, t337, and t1334 were the most frequent. Among 30 spa types found in S. aureus isolates from pork t084, t091, t499, t4309, t12954, and t13074 were dominant. The animal S. aureus isolates were clustered into MLST clonal complexes CC7, CC9, CC15, CC30, and CC398 and meat-derived isolates to CC1, CC7, and CC15. Thirty-six MRSA were isolated exclusively from pigs. All MRSA were classified to spa t011 SCCmecV. BORSA phenotype was found in 14% S. aureus isolates from pigs and 10% isolates from pork meat. spa t034 dominated among BORSA from pigs and t091 among meat-derived BORSA. This is the first report on spa types and oxacillin resistance of S. aureus strains from pigs and pork meat in Poland. Besides S. aureus CC9, CC30, and CC398 known to be distributed in pigs, the occurrence of genotype belonging to CC7 in this species has been reported for the first time. To our knowledge it is also the first report concerning CC398 BORSA isolates from pigs and pork meat

(S)-2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrazino[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-6,12(11H,12aH)-dione—Synthesis and Crystallographic Studies

(S)-2-(4-Chlorobenzoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[e]pyrazino[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine-6,12(11H,12aH)-dione was obtained in a three-step, one-pot synthesis, starting from optically pure (S)-2-piperazine carboxylic acid dihydrochloride. Selective acylation of the β-nitrogen atom followed by condensation with isatoic anhydride and cyclization with HATU/DIPEA to a seven-member benzodiazepine ring, led to the tricyclic benzodiazepine derivative. Crystallographic studies and initial biological screening were performed for the title compound

Novel (S)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-6,12(2H,11H)-dione derivatives: Selective inhibition of MV-4-11 biphenotypic B myelomonocytic leukemia cells’ growth is accompanied by reactive oxygen species overproduction and apoptosis

A series of optically pure (R)- and (S)-1,3,4,12a-tetrahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-6,12(2H,11H)-dione derivatives was designed and synthesized as novel anthramycin analogues in a three-step, one-pot procedure, and tested for their antiproliferative activity on nine following cell lines: MV-4-11, UMUC-3, MDA-MB-231, MCF7, LoVo, HT-29, A-549, A2780 and BALB/3T3. The key structural features responsible for exhibition of cytotoxic effect were determined: the (S)-configuration of chiral center and the presence of hydrophobic 4-biphenyl substituent in the side chain. Introduction of bromine atom into the 8 position (8g) or substitution of dilactam ring with benzyl group (8m) further improved the activity and selectivity of investigated compounds. Among others, compound 8g exhibited selective cytotoxic effect against MV-4-11 (IC50 = 8.7 μM) and HT-29 (IC50 = 17.8 μM) cell lines, while 8m showed noticeable anticancer activity against MV-4-11 (IC50 = 10.8 μM) and LoVo (IC50 = 11.0 μM) cell lines. The cell cycle arrest in G1/S checkpoint and apoptosis associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species was also observed for 8e and 8m

2′-Deoxy-2′-azidonucleoside analogs: synthesis and evaluation of antitumor and antimicrobial activity

A series of ten pyrimidine nucleosides modified in 2′ position with azide or amine group was tested for the antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic effect was determined on three cancer (CCRF-CEM, MCF7, HeLa) and one normal (HEK293) cell lines, while antibacterial activity was evaluated on five bacterial strains. Among others, 2′-azido-2′deoxycytidine and 2′-amino-2′-deoxycytidine exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity at 200 μM concentration, decreasing the viability of CCRF-CEM cells to 33 ± 1 and 36 ± 2%, respectively. Newly synthesized 2′-amino-2′-deoxythymidine exhibited cytotoxic effect exclusively toward HeLa cancer cell line, but not toward the normal HEK293 cells. Also, investigated compounds did not exhibit any antibacterial or antifungal activity at a concentration of 40 mM. The obtained results suggest that the presence of cytosine base is desirable for the appearance of cytotoxic effect, while the structural variations of the sugar ring play a minor role. Future modification of 2′-amino-2′-deoxythymidine could be a promising way to obtain more active anticancer substances