2 research outputs found
Generation of Aspherical Optical Lenses via Arrested Spreading and Pinching of a Cross-Linkable Liquid
Aspherical optical lenses with spatially
varying curvature are
desired for capturing high quality, aberration free images in numerous
optical applications. Conventionally such lenses are prepared by multistep
top-down processes which are expensive, time-consuming, and prone
to high failure rate. In this context, an alternate method is presented
here based on arrested spreading of a sessile drop of a transparent,
cross-linkable polymeric liquid on a solid substrate heated to an
elevated temperature. Whereas surface tension driven flow tends to
render it spherical, rapid cross-linking arrests such flow so that
nonequilibrium aspherical shapes are attained. It is possible to tune
also the initial state of the drop via delayed pinching of a liquid
cylinder which precedes its release on the substrate. This method
has led to the generation of a wide variety of optical lenses, ranging
from spherical plano convex to superspherical solid immersion to exotic
lenses not achieved via conventional methods
Clinicopathologic Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: A Multicenter Study From India
PURPOSEColorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults is a rising concern in developing countries such as India. This study investigates clinicopathologic profiles, treatment patterns, and outcomes of CRC in young adults, focusing on adolescent and young adult (AYA) CRC in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).METHODSA retrospective registry study from January 2018 to December 2020 involved 126 young adults (age 40 years and younger) with CRC. Patient demographics, clinical features, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were analyzed after obtaining institutional ethics committees' approval.RESULTSAmong 126 AYA patients, 62.70% had colon cancer and 37.30% had rectal cancer. Most patients (67%) were age 30-39 years, with no significant gender predisposition. Females had higher metastatic burden. Abdominal pain with obstruction features was common. Adenocarcinoma (65%) with signet ring differentiation (26%) suggested aggressive behavior. Limited access to molecular testing hindered mutation identification. Capecitabine-based chemotherapy was favored because of logistical constraints. Adjuvant therapy showed comparable recurrence-free survival in young adults and older patients. For localized colon cancer, the 2-year median progression-free survival was 74%, and for localized rectal cancer, it was 18 months. Palliative therapy resulted in a median overall survival of 33 months (95% CI, 18 to 47). Limited access to targeted agents affected treatment options, with only 27.5% of patients with metastatic disease receiving them. Chemotherapy was generally well tolerated, with hematologic side effect being most common.CONCLUSIONThis collaborative study in an LMIC offers crucial insights into CRC in AYA patients in India. Differences in disease characteristics, treatment patterns, and limited access to targeted agents highlight the need for further research and resource allocation to improve outcomes in this population