Magnetohydrodynamic instability in differentially rotating compressible flow

Transport of angular momentum is one of the thrust areas of astrophysical flows. Instabilities and hence the turbulence generated by it has been invoked to understand its role in angular momentum transport in hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic regime. Investigation of an unexplored region described by the parameter space $\Omega_e^2 < 0$, $\Omega_e$ being the epicyclic frequency, resulted in a powerful magnetohydrodynamic instability. The growth rate of this instability is rather large and is found to depend on the wavenumber.Comment: 4 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRA

High-growth-rate magnetohydrodynamic instability in differentially rotating compressible flow

The transport of angular momentum in the outward direction is the fundamental requirement for accretion to proceed in an accretion disc. This objective can be achieved if the accretion flow is turbulent. Instabilities are one of the sources for the turbulence. We study a differentially rotating compressive flow in the presence of non vanishing radial and azimuthal magnetic field and demonstrate the occurrence of a high growth rate instability. This instability operates in a region where magnetic energy density exceeds the rotational energy density

Magnetohydrodynamic instability in differentially rotating compressible flow

Transport of angular momentum is one of the thrust areas of astrophysical flows. Instabilities and hence the turbulence generated by it has been invoked to understand its role in angular momentum transport in hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic regime. Investigation of an unexplored region described by the parameter space $\Omega_e^2 < 0$, $\Omega_e$ being the epicyclic frequency, resulted in a powerful magnetohydrodynamic instability. The growth rate of this instability is rather large and is found to depend on the wavenumber.Comment: 4 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRA

<i>M. oryzae</i> show tolerance towards copper stress.

<p>A) Prolonged effects of copper stress on fungal growth and phenotype was studied by growing <i>M. oryzae</i> cells in presence or absence of copper for 7 days. A regime of copper concentrations was used as shown in a-e which represents 0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mM copper concentrations. Fungal cells showed dense fungal growth and change in hyphal color from gray to white with increasing copper concentration. Dense aerial hyphae were observed in presence of 2.5 mM copper (f). B) Effect of copper on <i>M. oryzae</i> growth and its uptake was determined. To estimate, copper acquisition and its effect on fungal growth, 4 days old <i>M. oryzae</i> cultures were exposed to copper (0–5 mM) for 18 h. Percent growth inhibitory rate was calculated by comparing growth of stress exposed samples with control (untreated) sample. Inhibitory rate and copper acquisition by <i>M. oryzae</i> showed positive correlation (r = 0.97).</p

<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> isolates used for genetic variability studies.

<p><i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> isolates used for genetic variability studies.</p

Exploring links between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a major public health threat in most countries. The causative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and result in mortality in COVID-19 patients. Vitamin D is an immunomodulator hormone with established effectiveness against various upper respiratory infections. Vitamin D can stall hyper-inflammatory responses and expedite healing process of the affected areas, primarily in the lung tissue. Thus, there are ecological and mechanistic reasons to promote exploration of vitamin D action in COVID-19 patients. As no curative drugs are available currently for COVID-19, we feel that the potential of vitamin D to alter the course of disease severity needs to be investigated. Clinical studies may be undertaken to address the value of vitamin D supplementation in deficient, high-risk COVID-19 patients

Model for TEs role as stress capacitors to promote genomic rearrangements in fungal pathogen.

<p>In the presence of appropriate stress, cells experience genomic shock that generates signals (stochastic or programmed) to induce transpositional activity. This leads to the insertion of transposable elements within regulatory and coding regions of genes resulting in genomic rearrangements.</p

Stress induces genomic instability and genetic diversity in <i>M. oryzae</i>.

<p>A) Genomic template stability (GTS) index of <i>M. oryzae</i> transposable elements upon stress exposure. GTS index was calculated by analyzing mutant bands generated in stress exposed samples as compared to control sample. Data represents the means for stress exposed samples and was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (each group compared to the control). Data are presented as means of GTS index of stress exposed samples. Results showed Pyret with lowest GTS index, suggesting Pyret as the most unstable transposable element (TE) upon stress induction. B) High genetic diversity was observed among <i>M. oryzae</i> isolates. Genotypic profiles were obtained from 23 <i>M. oryzae</i> isolates from diverse geographical regions of India and Japan using PyR1 outward primer (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094415#pone-0094415-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>) derived from LTR-retrotransposon Pyret. Results suggest bursts of Pyret under field conditions. C) Correlation between TE copy number (Y-axis) and mutation rate (X-axis) was determined. Pot2 with high copy number showed no genetic variations upon stress induction, whereas for Pyret linear correlation was observed between its copy number and mutation rate.</p