High voltage batteries diagnostic

Hybrid vehicles history begins between XIX and XX century because then has been constructed first hybrid vehicle project. The first men who produced electric propulsion mounted in front hubs connected with generator powered by spark ignition engine was Ferdynand Porsche. Vehicle was called Lohner – Porsche Electromobile. The first en masse produced hybrid vehicle was the first generation Toyota Prius. These model premiere was in 1996, and production started one year later. Vehicle was equipped in 1,5 dcm 58 hp spark ignition engine with added electric propulsion generated 40 mechanical hp. There has been mounting 72 hp spark ignition engine and 44 hp electric generator since 2000. Fuel consumption of these model was 5 liter on 100 km. Beginning XXI century 95% hybrid vehicles were Toyota Prius. The biggest competitor of Toyota Prius was Honda Insight. Lexus and Mercedes started producing hybrid vehicles few years later. The most popular brands selling hybrid vehicles are Toyota and Lexus – Toyota Motor Corporation. Article describes high voltage battery example diagnostic possibilities in a hybrid or electric vehicle. Constructing vehicle models using two propulsion systems (spark ignition engine and electric generator) cause development and increase control system devices. The measurements has been made by using various diagnostic devices for example: diagnostic scanner mega macs 66, high voltage battery tester. Reading faults code is not enough so it is necessary to use data list what describes this article

Ocena grubości i barwy wełny przystępek owcy żelaźnieńskiej i corriedale

The study was conducted on 19 samples of wool of Żelaźnieńska Sheep and 28 samples of wool of Corriedale Sheep. The thickness of fi bre and rendement were examined. The color of wool were measured by colorimetric technique. Basis of studies found a wider range of thicknes fi bre of Corridale Sheep and narrow range of thickness fi bre of Żelaźnieńska Sheep compared with the standards. Particular importance is to eliminate from the breeding primiparas Corriedale Sheep characterized by nominal thickness of fi bers 25 μm and less. Average nominal thickness of the fi bers were consistent with the cited standards. In Żelaźnieńska Sheep breed obtained, positive and highly signifi cant correlation coeffi cients of rendement and thickness to brightness (L*) and found a signifi cant correlation coeffi cient between rendement and the share of yellow color (b*). In Corriedale Sheep found positive and signifi cant statistical correlation coeffi cient between the brightness (L*) and nominal thickness. Correlations between traits characterizing the color of wool, and in particular the measurement of brightness (L*), to features such as the nominal thickness of the fi bers, indicate different trends occurring in Żelaźnieńska Sheep and Corriedale Sheep.Ocena grubości i barwy wełny przystępek owcy żelaźnieńskiej i corriedale. Badania przeprowadzono na 19 próbach wełny owcy żelaźnieńskiej i 28 corriedale pobranych podczas strzyży wykonanej na przystękach przeznaczonych do dalszej hodowli. Ocenie poddano cechy grubości włókien i rendement oraz barwy wełny mierzonej techniką kolorymetryczną. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono szerszy przedział grubości nominalnych u owiec corriedale oraz zbyt wąski u owiec żelaźnieńskich w porównaniu z przyjętym wzorcem, co wymaga korekty poprzez pracę hodowlaną. Za szczególnie ważne uznać należy wyeliminowanie z hodowli przystępek corriedale charakteryzujących się grubością nominalną włókien 25 μm i mniej. Średnie grubości nominalne włókien mieściły się w standardach zgodnych z cytowanym wzorcem. Uzyskano również wysokie, dodatnie i wysoko istotne współczynniki korelacji rendement i grubości nominalnej z pomiarem stopnia jasności (L*) oraz istotny współczynnik pomiędzy rendement a udziałem barwy żółtej (b*) u owiec żelaźnieńskich oraz dodatni i istotny statystyczne współczynnik korelacji pomiędzy pomiarem stopnia jasności (L*) a grubością nominalną u owiec corriedale. Związki korelacyjne pomiędzy cechami charakteryzującymi barwę wełny, a w szczególności pomiarem stopnia jasności (L) a cechami np. grubości nominalnej włókien, wskazują na odmienne tendencje występujące u owiec żelaźnieńskich i corriedale

Hydrogen-Containing “Green” Fuels Influence on the Thermal Protection and Formation of Wear Processes Components in Compression-Ignition Engines Modern Injection System

The article describes the impact of hydrogen-containing vegetable fuels consumption with modern injection apparatus. The fuel in question is B100 rapeseed oil ethyl ester. The process of atomizing fuel in the engine at high temperature and in a high pressure chamber plays an important role in the combustion processes in the CI engine. The elements responsible for supplying fuel to the engine’s combustion chamber are the injectors and the injection pump. The paper presents the construction and operation of modern injection pumps and fuel injectors, the methods of their diagnosis are discussed, the important role of precision, and the course of their wear phenomenon are indicated. The paper discusses the impact of hydrogen-containing “green” vegetable fuels on the durability and reliability of injection pumps and fuel injectors used in Common Rail systems. In addition, the tests on the operating parameters of the fuel injector and pump operating on conventional fuel and hydrogen-containing “green” biofuel were carried out

Discovery of OATD 01 , a First in Class Chitinase Inhibitor as Potential New Therapeutics for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Chitotriosidase CHIT1 and acidic mammalian chitinase AMCase are the enzymatically active chitinases that have been implicated in the pathology of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and interstitial lung diseases ILDs , including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPF and sarcoidosis. The clinical and preclinical data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of CHIT1 might represent a novel therapeutic approach in IPF. Structural modification of an advanced lead molecule 3 led to the identification of compound 9 OATD 01 , a highly active CHIT1 inhibitor with both an excellent PK profile in multiple species and selectivity against a panel of other off targets. OATD 01 given orally once daily in a range of doses between 30 and 100 mg kg showed significant antifibrotic efficacy in an animal model of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis. OATD 01 is the first in class CHIT1 inhibitor, currently completed phase 1b of clinical trials, to be a potential treatment for IP