Comparing two viewpoints about rabies: TEBBE-AKBARI (Persian Medicine Book) and national guidelines for rabies control

Background and purpose: Rabies is a viral disease that is usually transferred to humans through the bites of infected animals (especially dogs). Difficult treatment and painful death in all patients makes it a major public health concern. There are some interesting points about the rabies in Traditional Medicine resources, especially in Persian Medicine. Materials and methods: In this study the book entitled Tebbe Akbari was used as an invaluable source of Persian Traditional Medicine which is a complete and practical collection about many diseases. The information about rabies was extracted from the book. Also, the latest version of National Guidelines for Rabies Control was used. Data from both sources were compared with each other including etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Results: Almost all points about rabies in Tebbe Akbari were found similar to the national guidelines recommended for rabies control. However, recent improvements in treatment, especially vaccination and microscopic methods in diagnosis of the disease have led to stop using traditional diagnostic methods. Conclusion: Probably more knowledge and awareness about traditional medicine books and performing evidence based studies could help in finding more simple and less expensive diagnostic methods. © 2015, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Surface tension directed fluidic self-assembly of semiconductor chips across length scales and material boundaries

This publication provides an overview and discusses some challenges of surface tension directed fluidic self-assembly of semiconductor chips which are transported in a liquid medium. The discussion is limited to surface tension directed self-assembly where the capture, alignment, and electrical connection process is driven by the surface free energy of molten solder bumps where the authors have made a contribution. The general context is to develop a massively parallel and scalable assembly process to overcome some of the limitations of current robotic pick and place and serial wire bonding concepts. The following parts will be discussed: (2) Single-step assembly of LED arrays containing a repetition of a single component type; (3) Multi-step assembly of more than one component type adding a sequence and geometrical shape confinement to the basic concept to build more complex structures; demonstrators contain (3.1) self-packaging surface mount devices, and (3.2) multi-chip assemblies with unique angular orientation. Subsequently, measures are discussed (4) to enable the assembly of microscopic chips (10 μm–1 mm); a different transport method is introduced; demonstrators include the assembly of photovoltaic modules containing microscopic silicon tiles. Finally, (5) the extension to enable large area assembly is presented; a first reel-to-reel assembly machine is realized; the machine is applied to the field of solid state lighting and the emerging field of stretchable electronics which requires the assembly and electrical connection of semiconductor devices over exceedingly large area substrates

A first implementation of an automated reel-to-reel fluidic self-assembly machine

A first automated reel-to-reel fluidic selfassembly process for macroelectronic applications is reported. This system enables high-speed assembly of semiconductor dies (15 000 chips per hour using a 2.5 cm-wide web) over large-area substrates. The optimization of the system (>99% assembly yield) is based on identification, calculation, and optimization of the relevant forces. As an application, the production of a solid-state lighting panel is discussed, involving a novel approach to apply a conductive layer through lamination

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation into Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Transplantation in a Rat Model of Optic Chiasm Demyelination

BACKGROUND: This study aims to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into oligodendrocyte precursors and assess their recovery potential in a demyelinated optic chiasm model in rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We generated a cell population of oligodendrocyte progenitors from hiPSCs by using embryoid body formation in a defined medium supplemented with a combination of factors, positive selection and mechanical enrichment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses showed that stage-specific markers, Olig2, Sox10, NG2, PDGFRα, O4, A2B5, GalC, and MBP were expressed following the differentiation procedure, and enrichment of the oligodendrocyte lineage. These results are comparable with the expression of stage-specific markers in human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Transplantation of hiPSC-derived oligodendrocyte progenitors into the lysolecithin-induced demyelinated optic chiasm of the rat model resulted in recovery from symptoms, and integration and differentiation into oligodendrocytes were detected by immunohistofluorescence staining against PLP and MBP, and measurements of the visual evoked potentials. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results showed that oligodendrocyte progenitors generated efficiently from hiPSCs can be used in future biomedical studies once safety issues have been overcome

Inducing Ni Sensitivity in the Ni Hyperaccumulator Plant Alyssum inflatum Nyárády (Brassicaceae) by Transforming with CAX1, a Vacuolar Membrane Calcium Transporter

The importance of calcium in nickel tolerance was studied in the nickel hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum inflatum by gene transformation of CAX1, a vacuolar membrane transporter that reduces cytosolic calcium. CAX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana with a CaMV35S promoter accompanying a kanamycin resistance gene was transferred into A. inflatum using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformed calli were subcultured three times on kanamycin-rich media and transformation was confirmed by PCR using a specific primer for CAX1. At least 10 callus lines were used as a pool of transformed material. Both transformed and untransformed calli were treated with varying concentrations of either calcium (1–15 mM) or nickel (0– 500 lM) to compare their responses to those ions. Increased external calcium generally led to increased callus biomass, however, the increase was greater for untransformed callus. Further, increased external calcium led to increased callus calcium concentrations. Transformed callus was less nickel tolerant than untransformed callus: under increasing nickel concentrations callus relative growth rate was significantly less for transformed callus. Transformed callus also contained significantly less nickel than untransformed callus when exposed to the highest external nickel concentration (200 lM). We suggest that transformation with CAX1 decreased cytosolic calcium and resulted in decreased nickel tolerance. This in turn suggests that, at low cytosolic calcium concentrations, other nickel tolerance mechanisms (e.g., complexation and vacuolar sequestration) are insufficient for nickel tolerance. We propose that high cytosolic calcium is an important mechanism that results in nickel tolerance by nickel hyperaccumulator plants

Crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever in persian traditional medicine

[No abstract available

First report on infant acute urticaria after mother’s parenteral use of meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime): A case report

Pentavalent antimonials are still the first drug of choice for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Like other treatments, they can cause adverse reactions including musculoskeletal pain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and mild to moderate headaches. In this paper, we report the first case of an infant who developed acute urticaria after her mother’s parenteral use of meglumine antimoniate (glucantime). © 2016 Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved