PERSPECTIVA METODOLÓGICA PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LA HABILIDAD CALCULAR DERIVADAS EN LA FORMACIÓN DEL INGENIERO CIVIL

En el plan de estudios D para la formación del Ingeniero Civil se destaca el desarrollo de habilidades en diferentes vertientes que le permitan al estudiante enfrentarse con éxito a su futura vida laboral. De forma precisa en el programa de la Disciplina Matemática Aplicada aparece como uno de los objetivos generales desarrollar habilidades para el cálculo, la comunicación y la comprensión de propiedades y características matemáticas de magnitudes y formas  en las variantes formal, gráfica, numérica y verbal”. En el presente trabajo se realizó el estudio de una de las habilidades matemáticas fundamentales: calcular, determinando aquellos elementos que inciden en su desarrollo, las dificultades que se presentan y proponiendo una alternativa de solución desde una perspectiva metodológica

ALTERNATIVA METODOLÓGICA PARA CONTRIBUIR A LA VINCULACIÓN DE LA DISCIPLINA MATEMÁTICA APLICADA CON LA CARRERA INGENIERÍA CIVIL

La enseñanza de la Matemática cobra cada día una nueva importancia por lo que significa en todas las esferas del desarrollo económico y social, debe contribuir a que el estudiante se desarrolle con una visión del mundo que le favorezca la formación de un pensamiento creador, productivo y científico. Para lograr este propósito, vincular en la medida de las posibilidades a la Matemática como disciplina general con las restantes referidas a su profesión, es aspecto de medular importancia. En el presente trabajo se muestran las principales manifestaciones que impiden la articulación entre la disciplina Matemática Aplicada y la carrera de ingeniería Civil, sus causas fundamentales y se propone una estrategia metodológica que contribuya a lograrla

Evidence for the production of three massive vector bosons with the ATLAS detector

A search for the production of three massive vector bosons in proton–proton collisions is performed using data at s=13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in the years 2015–2017, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 79.8 fb. Events with two same-sign leptons ℓ (electrons or muons) and at least two reconstructed jets are selected to search for WWW→ℓνℓνqq. Events with three leptons without any same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pairs are used to search for WWW→ℓνℓνℓν, while events with three leptons and at least one same-flavour opposite-sign lepton pair and one or more reconstructed jets are used to search for WWZ→ℓνqqℓℓ. Finally, events with four leptons are analysed to search for WWZ→ℓνℓνℓℓ and WZZ→qqℓℓℓℓ. Evidence for the joint production of three massive vector bosons is observed with a significance of 4.1 standard deviations, where the expectation is 3.1 standard deviations.Peer Reviewe

Measurement of isolated-photon plus two-jet production in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon plus two-jet production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb. Cross sections are measured as functions of a variety of observables, including angular correlations and invariant masses of the objects in the final state, γ + jet + jet. Measurements are also performed in phase-space regions enriched in each of the two underlying physical mechanisms, namely direct and fragmentation processes. The measurements cover the range of photon (jet) transverse momenta from 150 GeV (100 GeV) to 2 TeV. The tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from Sherpa and Pythia as well as the next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from Sherpa are compared with the measurements. The next-to-leading-order QCD predictions describe the data adequately in shape and normalisation except for regions of phase space such as those with high values of the invariant mass or rapidity separation of the two jets, where the predictions overestimate the data. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of the Z(-> l(+)l(-))gamma production cross-section in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a prompt photon in association with a Z boson is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s = 13 TeV. The analysis uses a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018. The production cross-section for the process pp → ℓℓγ + X (ℓ = e, μ) is measured within a fiducial phase-space region defined by kinematic requirements on the photon and the leptons, and by isolation requirements on the photon. An experimental precision of 2.9% is achieved for the fiducial cross-section. Differential cross-sections are measured as a function of each of six kinematic variables characterising the ℓℓγ system. The data are compared with theoretical predictions based on next-to-leading-order and next-to-next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations. The impact of next-to-leading-order electroweak corrections is also considered. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Measurement of the ratio of cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at √s = 13 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ratio of the cross sections for inclusive isolated-photon production in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 13 and 8 TeV is measured using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The integrated luminosities of the 13 TeV and 8 TeV datasets are 3.2 fb and 20.2 fb , respectively. The ratio is measured as a function of the photon transverse energy in different regions of the photon pseudorapidity. The predictions from next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations are compared with the measured ratio. The experimental systematic uncertainties as well as the uncertainties affecting the predictions are evaluated taking into account the correlations between the two centre-of-mass energies, resulting in a reduction of up to a factor of 2.5 (5) in the experimental (theoretical) systematic uncertainties. The predictions based on several parameterisations of the proton parton distribution functions agree with the data within the reduced experimental and theoretical uncertainties. In addition, this ratio to that of the fiducial cross sections for Z boson production at 13 and 8 TeV using the decay channels Z → e e and Z → μ μ is made and compared with the theoretical predictions. In this double ratio, a further reduction of the experimental uncertainty is obtained because the uncertainties arising from the luminosity measurement cancel out. The predictions describe the measurements of the double ratio within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].Peer Reviewe

Search for resonances decaying into a weak vector boson and a Higgs boson in the fully hadronic final state produced in proton-proton collisions at s =13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying into a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at s=13 TeV is presented. The analysis utilizes the dominant W→qq¯′ or Z→qq¯ and H→bb¯ decays with substructure techniques applied to large-radius jets. A sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb-1 collected with the ATLAS detector is analyzed and no significant excess of data is observed over the background prediction. The results are interpreted in the context of the heavy vector triplet model with spin-1 W′ and Z′ bosons. Upper limits on the cross section are set for resonances with mass between 1.5 and 5.0 TeV, ranging from 6.8 to 0.53 fb for W′→WH and from 8.7 to 0.53 fb for Z′→ZH at the 95% confidence level

Measurements of top-quark pair differential and double-differential cross-sections in the l plus jets channel with pp collisions at root s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Single- and double-differential cross-section measurements are presented for the production of top-quark pairs, in the lepton + jets channel at particle and parton level. Two topologies, resolved and boosted, are considered and the results are presented as a function of several kinematic variables characterising the top and t t system and jet multiplicities. The study was performed using data from pp collisions at centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb-1. Due to the large tt cross-section at the LHC, such measurements allow a detailed study of the properties of top-quark production and decay, enabling precision tests of several Monte Carlo generators and fixed-order Standard Model predictions. Overall, there is good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the data

Measurement of fiducial and differential W+W- production cross-sections at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of fiducial and differential cross-sections for WW production in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb is presented. Events with one electron and one muon are selected, corresponding to the decay of the diboson system as WW→ eνμν. To suppress top-quark background, events containing jets with a transverse momentum exceeding 35 GeV are not included in the measurement phase space. The fiducial cross-section, six differential distributions and the cross-section as a function of the jet-veto transverse momentum threshold are measured and compared with several theoretical predictions. Constraints on anomalous electroweak gauge boson self-interactions are also presented in the framework of a dimension-six effective field theory

Observation of Electroweak Production of a Same-Sign W Boson Pair in Association with Two Jets in pp Collisions at s =13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter presents the observation and measurement of electroweak production of a same-sign W boson pair in association with two jets using 36.1 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed in the detector fiducial phase-space region, defined by the presence of two same-sign leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with a large invariant mass and rapidity difference. A total of 122 candidate events are observed for a background expectation of 69±7 events, corresponding to an observed signal significance of 6.5 standard deviations. The measured fiducial signal cross section is σfid=2.89-0.48+0.51(stat)-0.28+0.29(syst) fb