EffectiveFactorsonWomenRole inSustainableDevelopment (Case Study: Marvdasht Rural Areas in Iran)

This paper aims to study the role of women in agricultural promotion and its effect on rural development. Research method in this study was based on a survey and the required information was collected through questionnaire from a sample of women especially rural women. The data were analyzed using Logit model. The results showed that women had a major role in farming including producion, conservation, and destructing. The results also showed that women had a great tendency for participating in extension classes to improve their knowledge for sustainable development. Considering the results, it was necessary to provide the life facilities and necessities, awareness women especially rural women with group media and organizing the promotional and educational classes for reaching the sustainable development

The Impacts of Economic and Environmental (Case Study CO2 and Tax in Iran)

Emissions tax is an environment protecting policies in economy context. This study also aims at investigating economic and environmental impacts of emissions taxation levied on CO2 emitted from fuel and production process in Iran. To get the objective a computable general equilibrium framework based on the Iranian social accounting matrix of 1999 was used. CO2 is taxed based on World Bank (2004) estimated damage cost. The results show that tax policy impact on emission and macroeconomic variables depend on whether energy subsidies are reformed. CO2 tax is more effective in emission reduction after energy subsidy reform while implementing it at the presence of energy subsidies does not induce significant effects

Effective Factors on Women Role in Sustainable Development (Case Study: Marvdasht Rural Areas in Iran)

This paper aims to study the role of women in agricultural promotion and its effect on rural development. Research method in this study was based on a survey and the required information was collected through questionnaire from a sample of women especially rural women. The data were analyzed using Logit model. The results showed that women had a major role in farming including producion, conservation, and destructing. The results also showed that women had a great tendency for participating in extension classes to improve their knowledge for sustainable development. Considering the results, it was necessary to provide the life facilities and necessities, awareness women especially rural women with group media and organizing the promotional and educational classes for reaching the sustainable development

Evaluation of Seasonal, ANN, and Hybrid Models in Modeling Urban Water Consumption A Case Study of Rash City

Forecasting future water consumption in cities to plan for the required capacities in urban water supply systems (including water transmission networks and water treatment facilities) depends on the application of behavioral models of uban water consumption. Being located in the North-South corridor, Rasht City is assuming a new role to play in the national economy as a foreign trade center. It will, thus, be necessary to review its present urban infrastructure in order to draft the required infrastructural development plans for meeting the city’s future water demands. The three Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and SARIMABP approaches were employed in present study to model and forecast Rasht urban water consumption using monthly time series for the period 2001‒2008 of urban water consumption in Rasht. The seasonal unit root test was applied to develop the relevant SARIMA model. Results showed that all the seasonal and non-seasonal unit roots are present in all the frequencies in the monthly time series for Rasht urban water consumption. Using a proper filter, the SAIMA patterns were estimated. In a second stage the SARIMA output was used to determine the ANN output and the hybrid SARIMABP structure was accordingly constructed. The values for Rasht urban water consumption predicted by the three models indicated the superiority of the SARIMABP hybrid model as evidenced by the forecast error index of 0.41% obtained for this model. The other two models of SARIMA and ANN were, however, found to yield acceptable results for urban water managers since the forecasting error recorded for them was below 1%

Investigating the Impact of Economic Sanctions Shock on the Construction Sector in Iran (SVAR Approach)

Basically, quantitative specification of sanction effects on economic sectors has undeniable importance to increase the buffering of nations’ economy against their negative effectsThis study examines the impacts of economic sanctions shocks through four indicators: (a) crude oil export revenue shock, (b) non-oil export shock, (c) raw material import shock, capital and intermediate goods, and exchange rate shocks on the construction sector in Iran. For this purpose, the research data were collected from the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the period 1996-1996. Also, structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR) and impulse resonse function (IRF) were used to analyze the data. Results showed that economic sanctions diminished the value added of the construction sector. However, the impact of the economic sanctions indicators examined on this section varies. Among the four indicators of economic sanctions under consideration, respectively: (a) exchange rate shocks; (b) raw material import shocks; intermediate goods and capital; (c) non-oil export shocks; and (d) oil export earnings shocks have the greatest negative impact on the value added of the construction sector

Rapid detection of MDR–Mycobacterium tuberculosis using modified PCR-SSCP from clinical Specimens

Objective: To design a rapid test to detect the rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistant mutant based on polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique that analyzes the katG, rpoB genes. Methods: Biochemical test as well as IS6110 targeting PCR revealed 103 clinical samples were tuberculosis. To determine the susceptibility of isolates to anti TB drugs, the proportional method was used. Mutations presented within the amplified products of the katG, rpoB genes were evaluated by SSCP. Results: Using proportional method, 12 (11.6%) and 9 (8.7%) isolates were resistant respectively to INH and RIF and 9 (8.7%) isolates showed resistance to both drug (multi-drug resistant tuberculosis). Three (2.9%) multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and two INH resistant isolates were detected by the PCR-SSCP and sequencing. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR-SSCP for multi-drug resistant isolates were 33% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Complete agreement between SSCP and sequencing can indicate that resistance-associated mutations have occurred in other genes except our considered genes