Estratégias Terapêuticas para o Transtorno do Espectro Autista: Abordagens para o Desenvolvimento Infantil

This study aims to conduct an integrative literature review on therapeutic approaches for managing Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in child development within educational and clinical settings. The main question is: "Which therapeutic approaches are most effective for managing ASD in child development in clinical settings?" Studies on therapeutic interventions for ASD were included, considering types of interventions, clinical efficacy, and implementation methodologies. Searches were conducted in the Virtual Health Library, covering publications from 2019 to 2024, using descriptors such as "ASD," "Therapeutic approaches," "Child development," "Behavioral therapy," "Occupational therapy," "Nutritional therapy," and "Pharmacological treatment" in English and Spanish. Studies with non-specific interventions, high bias probability, and articles not available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were excluded. The studies highlight the need for personalized and multidisciplinary treatments. Collaboration among health professionals and the constant updating of methods are crucial for quality care.  Este estudo tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre abordagens terapêuticas para o manejo do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no desenvolvimento infantil em ambientes educacionais e clínicos. A questão principal é: "Quais abordagens terapêuticas são mais eficazes para o manejo do TEA no desenvolvimento infantil em ambientes clínicos?" Foram incluídos estudos sobre intervenções terapêuticas para TEA, considerando tipos de intervenções, eficácia clínica e metodologias de implementação. As buscas foram feitas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, abrangendo publicações de 2019 a 2024, com descritores como "TEA", "Abordagens terapêuticas", "Desenvolvimento infantil", "Terapia comportamental", "Terapia ocupacional", "Terapia Nutricional" e "Tratamento Farmacológico"  em inglês e espanhol. Foram excluídos estudos com intervenções não específicas, alta probabilidade de viés e artigos não disponíveis em inglês, espanhol ou português. Os estudos destacam a necessidade de tratamentos personalizados e multidisciplinares. A colaboração entre profissionais de saúde e a atualização constante dos métodos são cruciais para uma assistência de qualidade

Development of Ag-ZnO/AgO Nanocomposites Effectives for Leishmania braziliensis Treatment

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmania braziliensis (L.b) is one of the most clinically relevant pathogens that affects the skin and mucosa, causing single or multiple disfiguring and life-threatening injuries. Even so, the few treatment options for patients have significant toxicity, high dropout rates, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains, which implies the need for studies to promote new and better treatments to combat the disease. Zinc oxide nanocrystals are microbicidal and immunomodulatory agents. Here, we develop new Ag-ZnO/xAgO nanocomposites (NCPs) with three different percentages of silver oxide (AgO) nanocrystals (x = 49%, 65%, and 68%) that could act as an option for tegumentary leishmaniasis treatment. Our findings showed that 65% and 68% of AgO inhibit the extra and intracellular replication of L.b. and present a high selectivity index. Ag-ZnO/65%AgO NCPs modulate activation, expression of surface receptors, and cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells toward a proinflammatory phenotype. These results point to new Ag-ZnO/AgO nanocomposites as a promising option for L. braziliensis treatment

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora