Expanded mixed multiscale finite element methods and their applications for flows in porous media

We develop a family of expanded mixed Multiscale Finite Element Methods (MsFEMs) and their hybridizations for second-order elliptic equations. This formulation expands the standard mixed Multiscale Finite Element formulation in the sense that four unknowns (hybrid formulation) are solved simultaneously: pressure, gradient of pressure, velocity and Lagrange multipliers. We use multiscale basis functions for the both velocity and gradient of pressure. In the expanded mixed MsFEM framework, we consider both cases of separable-scale and non-separable spatial scales. We specifically analyze the methods in three categories: periodic separable scales, $G$- convergence separable scales, and continuum scales. When there is no scale separation, using some global information can improve accuracy for the expanded mixed MsFEMs. We present rigorous convergence analysis for expanded mixed MsFEMs. The analysis includes both conforming and nonconforming expanded mixed MsFEM. Numerical results are presented for various multiscale models and flows in porous media with shales to illustrate the efficiency of the expanded mixed MsFEMs.Comment: 33 page

Upholding the Public's Trust: Key Features for Effective State Accountability Websites

Transparency is crucial in a democracy – and in a 21st century democracy, transparency means public access to information online. This report considers four key areas of transparency in the U.S. state and federal governments: campaign finance, lobbying, procurement, and public officials' assets. The report describes the key features needed for effective online disclosure in these areas and highlights leading practices in the states.Some information about each of the four topic areas is currently disclosed online by many states, as well as the federal government, illustrating progress on making public official integrity information readily available to the American people. However, there is wide variation within each area in the method and manner of online disclosure.The report explains that thoughtful, citizen-centric disclosure websites share five common elements. The sites are easy to navigate; have the basic information that most users need; provide features that help users explore the data; offer more detailed information for advanced users; and allow users to download the data.The report finds that a number of states are doing well. Colorado's campaign finance website has a well designed interface, and its search features make it very easy for the average citizen to find information. Massachusetts' lobby disclosure website provides the information needed to paint a clear picture by linking a lobbyist's activities to particular legislation and recording his or her position on that legislation. However, no state has a uniformly user-friendly site.The parallel federal accountability websites explored in the report are doing a little better than state websites overall, except in the area of financial and asset disclosure by public officials; in that area, the federal government lags behind

Generation of directional, coherent matter beams through dynamical instabilities in Bose-Einstein condensates

We present a theoretical analysis of a coupled, two-state Bose-Einstein condensate with non-equal scattering lengths, and show that dynamical instabilities can be excited. We demonstrate that these instabilities are exponentially amplified resulting in highly-directional, oppositely-propagating, coherent matter beams at specific momenta. To accomplish this we prove that the mean field of our system is periodic, and extend the standard Bogoliubov approach to consider a time-dependent, but cyclic, background. This allows us to use Floquet's theorem to gain analytic insight into such systems, rather than employing the usual Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach, which is usually limited to numerical solutions. We apply our theory to the metastable Helium atom laser experiment of Dall et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79, 011601(R) (2009)] and show it explains the anomalous beam profiles they observed. Finally we demonstrate the paired particle beams will be EPR-entangled on formation.Comment: Corrected reference

Client Centered Care through a Collaborative Lens to treat symptoms of Long Haul Covid

Research poster reflecting on the benefits and challenges of interprofessional collaboration in caring for a patient dealing with long term COVID-19 via simulated Telehealth appointments. Multiple discoveries were made as different professions worked together to overcome technological and educational barriers to care for a patient diagnosed with a poorly understood and novel medical condition. Health professions Involved included: Allopathic Medicine, Osteopathic Medicine, Physician Assistant, Occupational Therapy, Pharmacy, Dental Hygiene, Social Work, Physical Therapy, and Nursing.https://dune.une.edu/cecespring2022/1004/thumbnail.jp

Evidence for Skyrmion crystallization from NMR relaxation experiments

A resistively detected NMR technique was used to probe the two-dimensional electron gas in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. The spin-lattice relaxation rate $(1/T_{1})$ was extracted at near complete filling of the first Landau level by electrons. The nuclear spin of $^{75}$As is found to relax much more efficiently with $T\to 0$ and when a well developed quantum Hall state with $R_{xx}\simeq 0$ occurs. The data show a remarkable correlation between the nuclear spin relaxation and localization. This suggests that the magnetic ground state near complete filling of the first Landau level may contain a lattice of topological spin texture, i.e. a Skyrmion crystal

A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains

BACKGROUND: Noncoding RNA species play a diverse set of roles in the eukaryotic cell. While much recent attention has focused on smaller RNA species, larger noncoding transcripts are also thought to be highly abundant in mammalian cells. To search for large noncoding RNAs that might control gene expression or mRNA metabolism, we used Affymetrix expression arrays to identify polyadenylated RNA transcripts displaying nuclear enrichment. RESULTS: This screen identified no more than three transcripts; XIST, and two unique noncoding nuclear enriched abundant transcripts (NEAT) RNAs strikingly located less than 70 kb apart on human chromosome 11: NEAT1, a noncoding RNA from the locus encoding for TncRNA, and NEAT2 (also known as MALAT-1). While the two NEAT transcripts share no significant homology with each other, each is conserved within the mammalian lineage, suggesting significant function for these noncoding RNAs. NEAT2 is extraordinarily well conserved for a noncoding RNA, more so than even XIST. Bioinformatic analyses of publicly available mouse transcriptome data support our findings from human cells as they confirm that the murine homologs of these noncoding RNAs are also nuclear enriched. RNA FISH analyses suggest that these noncoding RNAs function in mRNA metabolism as they demonstrate an intimate association of these RNA species with SC35 nuclear speckles in both human and mouse cells. These studies show that one of these transcripts, NEAT1 localizes to the periphery of such domains, whereas the neighboring transcript, NEAT2, is part of the long-sought polyadenylated component of nuclear speckles. CONCLUSION: Our genome-wide screens in two mammalian species reveal no more than three abundant large non-coding polyadenylated RNAs in the nucleus; the canonical large noncoding RNA XIST and NEAT1 and NEAT2. The function of these noncoding RNAs in mRNA metabolism is suggested by their high levels of conservation and their intimate association with SC35 splicing domains in multiple mammalian species