Bulky Counterions: Enhancing the Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence of Gold Nanoclusters

International audienc

Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: updated results from the nationwide CORONADO study

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This is an update of the results from the previous report of the CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, which aims to describe the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalised for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The CORONADO initiative is a French nationwide multicentre study of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 with a 28-day follow-up. The patients were screened after hospital admission from 10 March to 10 April 2020. We mainly focused on hospital discharge and death within 28 days. RESULTS: We included 2796 participants: 63.7% men, mean age 69.7 ± 13.2 years, median BMI (25th-75th percentile) 28.4 (25.0-32.4) kg/m(2). Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 44.2% and 38.6% of participants, respectively. Within 28 days, 1404 (50.2%; 95% CI 48.3%, 52.1%) were discharged from hospital with a median duration of hospital stay of 9 (5-14) days, while 577 participants died (20.6%; 95% CI 19.2%, 22.2%). In multivariable models, younger age, routine metformin therapy and longer symptom duration on admission were positively associated with discharge. History of microvascular complications, anticoagulant routine therapy, dyspnoea on admission, and higher aspartate aminotransferase, white cell count and C-reactive protein levels were associated with a reduced chance of discharge. Factors associated with death within 28 days mirrored those associated with discharge, and also included routine treatment by insulin and statin as deleterious factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, we established prognostic factors for hospital discharge and death that could help clinicians in this pandemic period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04324736

Neurology

The question of the long-term safety of pregnancy is a major concern in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but its study is biased by reverse causation (women with higher disability are less likely to experience pregnancy). Using a causal inference approach, we aimed to estimate the unbiased long-term effects of pregnancy on disability and relapse risk in patients with MS and secondarily the short-term effects (during the perpartum and postpartum years) and delayed effects (occurring beyond 1 year after delivery). We conducted an observational cohort study with data from patients with MS followed in the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques registry between 1990 and 2020. We included female patients with MS aged 18-45 years at MS onset, clinically followed up for more than 2 years, and with ≥3 Expanded Disease Status Scale (EDSS) measurements. Outcomes were the mean EDSS score at the end of follow-up and the annual probability of relapse during follow-up. Counterfactual outcomes were predicted using the longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimator in the entire study population. The patients exposed to at least 1 pregnancy during their follow-up were compared with the counterfactual situation in which, contrary to what was observed, they would not have been exposed to any pregnancy. Short-term and delayed effects were analyzed from the first pregnancy of early-exposed patients (who experienced it during their first 3 years of follow-up). We included 9,100 patients, with a median follow-up duration of 7.8 years, of whom 2,125 (23.4%) patients were exposed to at least 1 pregnancy. Pregnancy had no significant long-term causal effect on the mean EDSS score at 9 years (causal mean difference [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.16 to 0.15]) or on the annual probability of relapse (causal risk ratio [95% CI] = 0.95 [0.93-1.38]). For the 1,253 early-exposed patients, pregnancy significantly decreased the probability of relapse during the perpartum year and significantly increased it during the postpartum year, but no significant delayed effect was found on the EDSS and relapse rate. Using a causal inference approach, we found no evidence of significantly deleterious or beneficial long-term effects of pregnancy on disability. The beneficial effects found in other studies were probably related to a reverse causation bias.Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaque

Incidental finding of 3 Southeast Asian ovalocytosis cases by attentive examination of blood smears

International audienc

Incidental finding of 3 Southeast Asian ovalocytosis cases by attentive examination of blood smears

International audienc

Southeast asian ovalocytosis: the need for a carefull observation of red cell indices and blood smear

International audienc

Perioperative thromboprophylaxis in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: insights from a French national survey.

International audienceVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of death in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS), but there is neither consensus nor high-level guidelines yet on VTE prophylaxis in this specific population.We aimed to evaluate patterns of BS perioperative thromboprophylaxis practices.French obesity specialized care centers (CSO), which are tertiary care referral hospitals for the most severe cases of obesity METHODS: A detailed questionnaire survey (11 opened, 15 closed questions) investigating their prophylactic schemes of anticoagulation (molecule, dose, weight-adjustment, duration, associated measures, follow-up) was sent to the 37 CSO.Completion rate was 92%. Over 90% of respondents indicated using low molecular weight heparin. Enoxaparin was the most commonly used molecule (89%), twice daily (71%), started mostly 6 hours after BS (74%), whereas fondaparinux (9%), dalteparin (6%), and tinzaparin (6%) were less often prescribed. Dosing varied significantly according to centers from 4000 to 12,000 IU/d, with the most commonly used dose being 8000 IU once daily, 83%, as well as treatment duration (1 week, 9%; 3 weeks, 47%). Half CSO adjusted low molecular weight heparin dose to weight. Biological monitoring was performed in 88%. Only 1 center followed systematically anti-Xa activity. Associated measures such as elastic stoking or intermittent pneumatic compression were used in 32% and 26%, respectively, and both were used in 39%.This study finds significant discrepancies in thromboprophylaxis practices in obese patients undergoing BS, particularly with respect to treatment duration and dose adjustment, highlighting the urgent need for improved implementation of existing clinical practice guidelines in this VTE high-risk population

Lean body weight is the best scale for venous thromboprophylaxis algorithm in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery

International audienceSeverely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). How standard low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) regimen should be adapted to provide both sufficient efficacy and safety in this setting is unclear. We aimed to compare the influence of four body size descriptors (BSD) on peak anti-Xa levels in BS obese patients receiving LMWH fixed doses to identify which one had the greatest impact. One hundred and thirteen BS obese patients [median body mass index (BMI), 43.3 kg/m(2) (IQR, 40.6-48.7 kg/m(2))] receiving subcutaneous dalteparin 5000 IU twice daily were included in this prospective monocenter study. Peak steady-state anti-Xa levels were measured peri-operatively following thromboprophylaxis initiation. Only 48% of patients achieved target anti-Xa levels (0.2-0.5 IU/ml). In univariate analysis, age, gender, total body-weight (TBW), lean body-weight (LBW), ideal body-weight (IBW), BMI and estimated glomerural filtration rate (eGFR) were associated with anti-Xa levels. The strongest negative association was observed with LBW (r=-0.56, p55.8 kg) had the highest sensitivity (73%) and specificity (69%) to predict sub-prophylactic anti-Xa levels. In multivariate analysis, LBW and eGFR remained associated with anti-Xa levels (beta=-0.47 +/- 0.08, p<.0001 and 0=-0.19 +/- 0.08;p=.02, respectively). In BS morbidly obese patients receiving LMWH for thromboprophylaxis after BS, LBW and eGFR are the main determinants of anti-Xa level, and could be proposed in LMWH-based thromboprophylaxis dosing algorithms. The efficacy of a LBW-scale based dosing algorithm for optimal VTE prevention deserves further prospective randomized trials. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

COSMO : un modèle bayésien des fondements sensorimoteurs de la perception et de la production de la parole

International audienceCOSMO ("Communicating Objects by Sensory-Motor Operations") is a framework for jointly modeling speech perception and production by considering sensory-motor relations as a core component of its program. COSMO allows to jointly formalize two major theoretical frameworks in speech research that are auditory and motor theories – but also to integrate them within perceptual-motor theories. This leads to new perception models associating auditory processing and motor knowledge, and new speech motor control models oriented toward the achievement of multimodal sensory goals. We present the main results obtained with COSMO, and perspectives about temporal processing and deep learning implementation allowing to get closer to learning on real data.Nous avons développé un cadre de modélisation des processus de la communication parlée, COSMO (« Communicating Objects by Sensory-Motor Operations »), qui s'applique à la fois aux modèles de perception et de production de parole en installant les relations sensori-motrices au coeur de son programme. COSMO permet de formaliser conjointement deux cadres théoriques majeurs des recherches sur la communication parlée, les théories auditives et motrices-mais aussi de les intégrer au sein de théories perceptuo-motrices. Ceci conduit ainsi à de nouveaux modèles de perception alliant traitements auditifs et prise en compte de connaissances motrices, ou de nouveaux modèles de contrôle moteur de la parole orientés vers la réalisation de buts sensoriels multimodaux. Nous présentons ces avancées ainsi que des pistes de développement sur le traitement temporel et l'implémentation deep learning permettant d'aller vers l'apprentissage sur des données réelles