Attainable entanglement of unitary transformed thermal states in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance with the chemical shift

Recently, Yu, Brown, and Chuang [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 71}, 032341 (2005)] investigated the entanglement attainable from unitary transformed thermal states in liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Their research gave an insight into the role of the entanglement in a liquid-state NMR quantum computer. Moreover, they attempted to reveal the role of mixed-state entanglement in quantum computing. However, they assumed that the Zeeman energy of each nuclear spin which corresponds to a qubit takes a common value for all; there is no chemical shift. In this paper, we research a model with the chemical shifts and analytically derive the physical parameter region where unitary transformed thermal states are entangled, by the positive partial transposition (PPT) criterion with respect to any bipartition. We examine the effect of the chemical shifts on the boundary between the separability and the nonseparability, and find it is negligible.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figures. There were mistakes in the previous version. The main results don't change, but our motivation has to be reconsidere

Spectral resolution of the Liouvillian of the Lindblad master equation for a harmonic oscillator

A Lindblad master equation for a harmonic oscillator, which describes the dynamics of an open system, is formally solved. The solution yields the spectral resolution of the Liouvillian, that is, all eigenvalues and eigenprojections are obtained. This spectral resolution is discussed in depth in the context of the biorthogonal system and the rigged Hilbert space, and the contribution of each eigenprojection to expectation values of physical quantities is revealed. We also construct the ladder operators of the Liouvillian, which clarify the structure of the spectral resolution.Comment: 22pages, no figure; title changed, minor corrections, references added; minor correction

内視鏡的硬化療法の手技と治療成績における透明フードの有用性

Objective: Although the effectiveness of a transparent hood has been reported in various endoscopic procedures, there are only a few reports regarding the benefit of a transparent hood in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS). In the current study, we conducted a retrospective evaluation of the efficacy and long-term benefit of an oblique transparent hood on EIS. Methods: The transparent hood, manufactured by Olympus (MAJ295 or MAJ296), consisted of a reusable wide oblique distal attachment with rim. This hood was attached when the varix was fine (F0 or F1). In this retrospective study, a total of 201 patients were recruited, and 99 patients (designated as the "Hood Group") received this hood while 102 patients (designated as the "Conventional Group") did not. We compared the rate of intravariceal injection, enhanced supply vessels, variceal eradication, and recurrence between these two groups. Results: This transparent hood provided a better visual field, and there was no serious complication in any of the patients. Intravariceal injection rates in the Hood Group and Conventional Group were 73.9% (190/257) and 57.7% (146/253) respectively (p<0.01). The rates of enhanced supply vessels in the Hood Group and Conventional Group were 89.8% (89/99) and 72.5% (74/102) respectively (p<0.01). The rates of variceal eradication did not differ significantly. We also assessed the cumulative non-recurrence probability for up to 3000 days between the two groups. The Hood Group was statistically superior to the Conventional Group (p<0.01) Conclusion: The application of an oblique transparent hood method is safe and effective for intravariceal EIS. This hood contributes especially to reduction of the long-term recurrence probability.博士（医学）・乙第1365号・平成27年11月27

2ガタ トウニョウビョウ カンジャ ニオケル ケットウ シヒョウ ト ゲンエン ガ モタラス ケツアツ テイカ トノ レンカン

Background : The majority of patients with type２diabetes mellitus（T２DM）have hypertension, leading to serious cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. Therefore, blood pressure（BP）control is a critical issue in patients with T２DM. Although sodium restriction is known to reduce BP, it is unclear what factors are associated with sodium restriction-induced BP reduction in T２DM patients. Subjects and Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed in hospitalized patients with T２DM（６６males and６１females, mean age :５８．１±１４．２years, mean HbA１c :９．５±２．０％）. They received diet therapy including sodium restriction as NaCl of５to８g/day during admission. The relationship between changes in systolic BP（SBP）during admission and clinical parameters at the time of admission was statistically analyzed. Results : Mean SBP in the sodium-restricted patients was significantly reduced during admission（ from １３０．２±１６．１ to １２２．７±１３．９ mmHg, p＜０．０１）. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum creatinine levels and presence of hypertension were inversely associated with and that initial SBP value was positively associated with the change in SBP. On the other hand, no glycemic parameters, including fasting plasma glucose levels, HbA１c, M values calculated from daily blood glucose profile, duration of T２DM and duration of hospitalization, were associated with the change in SBP. Conclusion : Sodium restriction-induced BP reduction in T２DM patients was associated with presence of hypertension, serum creatinine levels and initial SBP values. Sodium restriction is a useful treatment for T２DM patients regardless of their glycemic condition

Salvage living donor liver transplantation after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for recurrent Budd-Chiari syndrome: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Budd-Chiari syndrome is a very rare pathological entity that ultimately leads to liver failure. Several therapeutic modalities, including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, have been attempted to save the life of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome. Few reports have described a salvage living donor liver transplantation performed after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in a patient with acute Budd-Chiari syndrome.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 26-year-old Japanese man developed severe progressive manifestations, such as massive ascites and hematemesis due to rupture of esophageal varices. After making several investigations, we diagnosed the case as Budd-Chiari syndrome. We first performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to dilate a short-segment stenosis of his inferior vena cava. The first percutaneous transluminal angioplasty greatly improved the clinical manifestations. However, after a year, re-stenosis was detected, and a second percutaneous transluminal angioplasty failed to open the severe stricture of his inferior vena cava. Since our patient had manifestations of acute liver failure, we decided to perform salvage living donor liver transplantation from his brother. The transplantation was successfully performed and all clinical manifestations were remarkably alleviated.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In cases of recurrent Budd-Chiari syndrome, the blocked hepatic venous outflow is not always relieved, even with invasive therapies. We have to take into account the possibility of adopting alternative salvage therapies if the first therapeutic modalities fail. When invasive therapy such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty fails, liver transplantation should be considered as an alternative option.</p

Direct spectroscopic evidence for phase competition between the pseudogap and superconductivity in Bi2_{2}Sr2_{2}CaCu2_{2}O8+δ_{8+{\delta}}

In the high-temperature ($T_{c}$) cuprate superconductors, increasing evidence suggests that the pseudogap, existing below the pseudogap temperature $T$*, has a distinct broken electronic symmetry from that of superconductivity. Particularly, recent scattering experiments on the underdoped cuprates have suggested that a charge ordering competes with superconductivity. However, no direct link of this physics and the important low-energy excitations has been identified. Here we report an antagonistic singularity at $T_{c}$ in the spectral weight of Bi$_{2}$Sr$_{2}$CaCu$_{2}$O$_{8+{\delta}}$ as a compelling evidence for phase competition, which persists up to a high hole concentration $p$ ~ 0.22. Comparison with a theoretical calculation confirms that the singularity is a signature of competition between the order parameters for the pseudogap and superconductivity. The observation of the spectroscopic singularity at finite temperatures over a wide doping range provides new insights into the nature of the competitive interplay between the two intertwined phases and the complex phase diagram near the pseudogap critical point.Comment: 17 pages with 4 figures and supplementary information with 18 pages with 1 table and 4 figure