Impact of the <i>NRGN</i> genotype on GM volume of left anterior cingulate gyrus in schizophrenia.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Anatomical localizations are displayed on coronal, sagittal, and axial sections of a normal MRI spatially normalized into the Montreal Neurological Institute template (uncorrected <i>p</i><0.001, cluster size>100). A significant cluster of the genotype effect was in the left anterior cingulate gyrus in the patients with schizophrenia, after controlling for differences in the duration of illness among genotypes. The region is shown as cross-hairline. The color bars show <i>t</i> values corresponding to the color in the figure. (<b>B</b>) Each column shows relative gray matter volumes extracted from the left anterior cingulate gyrus (Talairach coordinates; −12, 42, −9). We extracted a sphere with a 10 mm volume-of-interest (VOI) radius from the significant region to compare the effects of the genotype in both the patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Error bars represent the standard error.</p

Effects of the risk-T-allele on decreased GM regions and diagnosis-<i>NRGN</i> genotype interaction on GM regions.

<p>Effects of the risk T allele on decreased GM regions (TTNRGN genotype interaction on GM regions was shown by hot colormap (red areas). There was no significant effect of the risk T allele on increased GM regions (CCt values corresponding to the color in the figure.</p

Genotypic and allelic distributions for SNPs in the <i>p250GAP</i> between patients with schizophrenia and controls.

<p>SCZ: patients with schizophrenia, CON: controls, M: major allele, m: minor allele, MAF: minor allele frequency, OR: odds ratio, 95%CI: 95% confidence interval.</p>a<p>db SNP build 129.</p><p>All of the alleles are represented according to the minus strand DNA sequence. Numbers of genotypes were represented as genotype counts. <i>P</i> values<0.05 are in boldface and underlined.</p

The association between the risk-associated <i>p250GAP</i> genotype and SPQ total score and the three factors.

<p>The gray bars represent individuals who are G-carriers (G/G and G/A genotypes) of rs2298599. The white bars represent individuals with the A/A genotype of the SNP. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. * <i>p</i><0.05.</p

Demographic variables for subjects included in the SPQ analysis.

<p>Means ± SD are shown. <i>P</i> values<0.05 are in boldface and underlined.</p>a<p><i>χ²</i> test.</p

Association of the <i>p250GAP</i> gene risk variant with the schizotypal personality traits.

<p>SPQ: Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Means ± SD are shown. The effect sizes are typically categorized as small (<i>d</i> = 0.20, <i>η²</i> = 0.01), medium (<i>d</i> = 0.50, <i>η²</i> = 0.06) or large (<i>d</i> = 0.80, <i>η²</i> = 0.14). Significant <i>p</i> values are shown in boldface and underlined.</p