QTL mapping of antixenosis resistance to common cutworm (<i>Spodoptera litura</i> Fabricius) in wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i>) - Fig 2

<p><b>Frequency distributions of the antixenosis indices of the recombinant-inbred lines derived from a cross between <i>Glycine soja</i> and ‘Fukuyutaka’ in 2012 (A) and 2013 (B).</b> The antixenosis resistance was evaluated using <i>C</i> values (calculated using Equation 1), which represent the resistance relative to that of a standard cultivar, ‘Akisengoku’. Arrows and vertical lines represent the positions of the standard deviations and mean values of the parents, respectively.</p

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the antixenosis index (<i>C</i> value) detected in the recombinant-inbred lines derived from <i>Glycine soja</i> and ‘Fukuyutaka’.

<p>Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the antixenosis index (<i>C</i> value) detected in the recombinant-inbred lines derived from <i>Glycine soja</i> and ‘Fukuyutaka’.</p

Examples of the leaflet defoliation ratings of soybean.

<p>The numbers below the pictures are the defoliation values (on a scale of 0 to 10) for each leaflet segment.</p

Location of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for antixenosis-resistance, <i>qRslx4</i> on chromosome 2 (left) and <i>qRslx3</i> on chromosome 7 (right) in <i>Glycine soja</i> × ‘Fukuyutaka’-derived recombinant-inbred lines.

<p>Labels to the right of the bars show the marker names. The white and gray circles represent the locations of the antixenosis-resistance QTLs observed in 2012 and 2013, respectively.</p

An Alteration in the Cecal Microbiota Composition by Feeding of 1-Kestose Results in a Marked Increase in the Cecal Butyrate Content in Rats - Fig 1

<p><b>(a)-(e). Photographs of the cecum with cecal contents in rats.</b> The cecum from each group of rats: (a) control, (b) 0.5%, (c) 1%, (d) 2.5%, (e) 5%. Bars: 2 cm.</p

Concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate in cecal contents.

<p>Concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate in cecal contents.</p

Body weight and food intake.

<p>Body weight and food intake.</p

Measurement of SCFAs in cecal contents.

<p>Values represent the means ± SE (n = 8), * P <0.05 vs. control group.</p

Primers and program conditions for real-time PCR.

<p>Primers and program conditions for real-time PCR.</p

Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin.

<p>Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin.</p