Evaluation of a Real-Time Control System for Combined Sewer Networks

In this study, we evaluated the amount of reduction of the combined sewer overflow (CSO) load using real-time control (RTC) for a combined sewer system region where a storage basin had been constructed. Reduction of the load is especially high when the amount of rainfall is 10mm. Moreover, the amount of BOD load was reduced by 18-26%, and the overflow frequency by 14-29% using on RTC system based on annual analysis. In addition, it was clarified that the effect of the reduction in cost of the RTC system was high as a result of cost-effectiveness analysis. It was confirmed that the introduction in RTC system was effective for reducing the CSO

Toward the next stage of graduate school education

Special Contributionapplication/pd

Electric probe measurements of ignition wire stabilized atmospheric pressure plasma

ダブルプローブ構成の静電プローブの性能について検証し、これを用いて誘導駆動型高周波電力励起大気圧プラズマの電荷密度，および電子温度を決定した。プラズマ点弧を容易にすることを目的として挿入されるワイヤ電極をプローブ駆動電気回路に接続することにより、プラズマ電位を安定化させた。ダブルプローブのIV特性は、 RF振幅の増大とともに、ノイズ振幅と電流オフセットの増加を示した。さらなるRF電力の増加は、IV特性を非対称とし、ワイヤ電極から電子が放出されている可能性を示唆する。測定された電子温度は5.1eVから6.3eVの範囲であり、ワイヤ電極に正/負バイアス電圧を加えると正/負の飽和電流が増加した。 バイアス電圧は、IV曲線の傾きを減少させ，電子温度計測値の過小評価を誘導する可能性がある。An electric probe of a double probe configuration was tested in its performance to determine charge density and electron temperature of an inductively driven radio frequency power excited plasma. An ignition wire with the primary purpose of easing plasma ignition was utilized to stabilize the plasma potential with respect to the probe driving electrical circuit. The possible contribution of the electrons emitted from the electrode to the [I-V] characteristics of the double electric probe was observed. Increase in noise amplitude and current offsets are observed with increasing RF power. Increased RF power also made the asymmetry in the [I-V] measurements more enhanced. The measured electron temperature ranged from 5.1 eV to 6.3 eV, while the positive/negative bias voltage increased the positive/negative saturation currents. The bias voltage decreased the slope of the [I-V] curve that may correspond to an underestimated electron temperature measurement