Running Boundary Condition

In this paper we argue that boundary condition may run with energy scale. As an illustrative example, we consider one-dimensional quantum mechanics for a spinless particle that freely propagates in the bulk yet interacts only at the origin. In this setting we find the renormalization group flow of U(2) family of boundary conditions exactly. We show that the well-known scale-independent subfamily of boundary conditions are realized as fixed points. We also discuss the duality between two distinct boundary conditions from the renormalization group point of view. Generalizations to conformal mechanics and quantum graph are also discussed.Comment: PTPTeX, 21 pages, 8 eps figures; typos corrected, references and an appendix adde

Many-Brane Extention of the Randall-Sundrum Solution

Recently, Randall and Sundrum proposed a static solution to Einstein's equations in five spacetime dimensions with two 3-branes located at the fixed points of $S^1/Z_2$ to solve the hierarchy problem. We extend the solution and construct static and also inflationary solutions to Einstein's equations in five spacetime dimensions, one of which is compactified on $S^1$, with any number of 3-branes whose locations are taken to be arbitrary. We discuss how the hierarchy problem can be explained in our model.Comment: PTPTeX 1.0(preprint style), 8 pages, no figures, references and typos correcte

A new cell line established from calf kidney

A new cell line &#34;CK cell line&#34; capable of continuous propagation was established from a calf kidney tissue. The bovine adenovirus type 3 could propagate well in this cell line.</p

Spontaneous Supersymmetry Breaking from Extra Dimensions

We propose a new spontaneous supersymmetry breaking mechanism, in which extra compact dimensions play an important role. To illustrate our mechanism, we study a simple model consisting of two chiral superfields, where one spatial dimension is compactified on a circle $S^1$. It is shown that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken irrespective of the radius of the circle, and also that the translational invariance for the $S^1$-direction and a global symmetry are spontaneously broken when the radius becomes larger than a critical radius. These results are expected to be general features of our mechanism. We further discuss that our mechanism may be observed as the O'Raifeartaigh type of supersymmetry breaking at low energies.Comment: 10 pages, No figur

Spontaneously Broken Translational Invariance of Compactified Space

We propose a mechanism to break the translational invariance of compactified space spontaneously. As a simple model, we study a real $\phi^4$ model compactified on $M^{D-1}\otimes S^1$ in detail, where we impose a nontrivial boundary condition on $\phi$ for the $S^1$-direction. It is shown that the translational invariance for the $S^1$-direction is spontaneously broken when the radius $R$ of $S^1$ becomes larger than a critical radius $R^*$ and also that the model behaves like a $\phi^4$ model on a single kink background for $R \to \infty$. It is pointed out that spontaneous breakdown of translational invariance is accompanied by that of some global symmetries, in general, in our mechanism.Comment: 9 pages, No figur

Relationship between immune reactivity and developement of thymic lymphoma by N,N'-dimethylnitrosourea in C3Hf-Bi mice

By subcutaneous inoculation of N, N'-dimethylnitrosourea to adult male C3Hf/Bi mice once a week for 10 consecutive weeks the authors studied the correlation between immunological functions and histological changes in lymphatic tissues at the latent period of thymic lymphoma whose development is known to occur in 100 per cent. As a result, it was found that PFC of the spleen to sheep erythrocytes decreased to about one third the normal level by two weeks, and to one tenth by 8 weeks after initial inoculation of this compound. Hemolysin and hemagglutinin titers of the serum became less than 1 : 2 after 6 weeks and later. As for histological changes in the thymus, disappearance of lymphocytes became marked by 2 weeks, and there appeared tumor cells by 8 weeks. Also the peripheral lymphocytes as well as the total spleen cells decreased in number along with increase of the frequency of inoculation of N,N'-dimethylnitrosourea. These results seem to suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of carcinogen facilitates the development and proliferation of tumor cells possessing tumor specific antigenicity in the course of N, N'-dimethylnitrosourea- carcinogenesis.</p

Kimura's disease: clinical, histological and immunohistochemical studies.

In the present study, 14 cases of Kimura's disease were clinicopathologically studied. The disease occurred at ages ranging from 5 to 75 years. The average age was 37.8 years. Sexes were about equally affected. The most common sites were the subcutis of head and neck, and parotid gland. Simultaneous involvement of lymph nodes occurred in 5 cases. Laboratory findings revealed eosinophilia in almost all the patients, but serum IgE levels were not elevated in 2 patients. Lesions were surgically removed and the clinical course thereafter was favorable for all but one case. Histologically, lesions were characterized by lymphoid follicles, granulation tissue with infiltration by many eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, mast cells and histiocytes, proliferation of blood vessels and fibrosis. Immunohistochemically, IgE reacted strongly in germinal centers, showing a reticular pattern. IgG-, IgA- and lysozyme-positive cells were scattered mainly in interfollicular granulomatous areas. Pathogenesis of this disease is briefly discussed.</p

Brain tumors in hamsters induced by murine sarcoma virus (Moloney).

&lt;p&gt;Murine sarcoma virus, CS-Moloney substrain, was inoculated intracranially into 2 litters of newborn Syrian hamsters within 24 h of birth. Seven of 12 hamsters which survived more than 30 days developed brain tumors in the cerebral cortex 104 to 153 days, 139 days on the average, after the virus inoculation. The tumors consisted of spindle-shaped, round or polygonal astrocytes which showed a positive reaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein by the immunoperoxidase method.&lt;/p&gt;</p

Prognostic significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of resected tumors from 90 patients were immunohistochemically studied to assess the prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in non-small cell lung cancer. The individual tumors were classified into groups of high, moderate or low proliferative grade, and 38 (42.2%) patients had a high grade of proliferation. No statistically significant correlations were observed between PCNA grade and TNM status, pathological stage, resectability, histological type, degree of histological differentiation. Only vascular invasion significantly correlated with proliferative grade (p &#60; 0.05). Survival analysis showed that patients with low proliferative grade tumors survived significantly longer (a 5-year survival rate of 83.3%) than those with high proliferative grade tumors (39.4%, p &#60; 0.005). Cox's multivariate analysis revealed that PCNA grade was a significant prognostic determinant of survival. These results suggest that PCNA expression provides an independent prognostic variable for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and that it may be useful to consider this factor in treatment planning.</p

Early stages of development of rat brain tumors induced by JC virus: a sequential histological and immunohistochemical study.

In order to clarify the origin of JC virus-induced brain tumors in rats, the development of tumors was sequentially analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Twenty-two of 30 rats (73%), which were intracerebrally inoculated with JC virus within 24 h of birth (group 1), developed, as a group, 45 brain tumors after 12 to 26 weeks. Seventeen of 27 rats (63%), which were inoculated on the 7th day after birth (group 2), developed 37 brain tumors as a group after a time 12 to 40 weeks. The tumors were found exclusively in the cerebrum. The microtumors, which were defined as tumors less than 2 mm in diameter, were located in the subependymal plate around the ventricular system. The microtumors and most part of the macrotumors consisted of cells of undifferentiated neuroectodermal nature, showing nuclear palisades and Homer-Wright-pseudorosette-like structures. Some tumor cells of macrotumors had an astrocytic nature and were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, Leu 7, and vimentin. In conclusion, the target cells of JC virus in rats may be undifferentiated subependymal cells of the cerebrum. The tumor cells show partial glial differentiation as they grow.</p