The need for support and not distress evoking: A meta-synthesis of experiences of iranian parents with premature infants

Context: Proper accountability to needs of premature infants' parents requires recognition of these needs and how they change in different conditions. Objective: This Meta-synthesis was conducted to understand the needs of Iranian parents with premature infants through their experiences in order to promote family-centered care. Data Sources: The search was conducted through the Iranian database (Iran Medex, Magiran, SID) and international resources (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar), without time limitation to April 12, 2015. Study Selection: The inclusion criteria for this study included the qualitative studies conducted in Iran on parents with premature infants. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) were used to assess the quality of articles. Data Extraction: This study is a meta-synthesis of 16 qualitative studies based on Noblit and Hare's (1988) methodology. Results: The meta-synthesis presented 5 correlated metaphors derived from 13 categories and 78 integrated codes. The metaphors indicated the most important needs of parents who have premature infants for emotional, instrumental, spiritual, appraisal, informational, and communicational support. In most cases, these needs overlapped with blur boundaries. The categories included: cultural challenges of parental role, parental development versus psychological stress, psychological stress stimuli, economic challenges of parental role, physical irritation, the need for family-centered care, the need for policy making regarding the constant presence of parents in the NICU, spiritual prosperity vs. spiritual alienation, spiritual self-care vs. spiritual self-harm, guided participation in caring for the infant, the efforts to meet parental role, informational challenges of parents, and informationalcommunicational supports. Conclusions: This Meta-synthesis provided a better understanding of the experiences of Iranian parents with premature infants and different areas of their needs. These findings could be used to design a comprehensive support system for such parents, which incorporate a holistic view of patient concerns, including religion and spirituality. © 2017, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

The need for support and not distress evoking: A meta-synthesis of experiences of iranian parents with premature infants

Context: Proper accountability to needs of premature infants' parents requires recognition of these needs and how they change in different conditions. Objective: This Meta-synthesis was conducted to understand the needs of Iranian parents with premature infants through their experiences in order to promote family-centered care. Data Sources: The search was conducted through the Iranian database (Iran Medex, Magiran, SID) and international resources (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar), without time limitation to April 12, 2015. Study Selection: The inclusion criteria for this study included the qualitative studies conducted in Iran on parents with premature infants. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ) were used to assess the quality of articles. Data Extraction: This study is a meta-synthesis of 16 qualitative studies based on Noblit and Hare's (1988) methodology. Results: The meta-synthesis presented 5 correlated metaphors derived from 13 categories and 78 integrated codes. The metaphors indicated the most important needs of parents who have premature infants for emotional, instrumental, spiritual, appraisal, informational, and communicational support. In most cases, these needs overlapped with blur boundaries. The categories included: cultural challenges of parental role, parental development versus psychological stress, psychological stress stimuli, economic challenges of parental role, physical irritation, the need for family-centered care, the need for policy making regarding the constant presence of parents in the NICU, spiritual prosperity vs. spiritual alienation, spiritual self-care vs. spiritual self-harm, guided participation in caring for the infant, the efforts to meet parental role, informational challenges of parents, and informationalcommunicational supports. Conclusions: This Meta-synthesis provided a better understanding of the experiences of Iranian parents with premature infants and different areas of their needs. These findings could be used to design a comprehensive support system for such parents, which incorporate a holistic view of patient concerns, including religion and spirituality. © 2017, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

The Effect of Evening Primrose Plant on Physical Symptoms of Menopause

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Menopause is a global phenomenon for women and about 74 to 80% of women worldwide suffer from symptoms of menopause. The symptoms women experience during this period include night sweats, sleep disorders, heart problems and flushing. The treatment currently used for these complications is hormone replacement method, which has serious side effects. One alternative method for the hormone replacement method is the use of plants from the family of phytoestrogens such as evening primrose. METHODS: This triple-blind clinical trial was conducted among 100 postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms in both drug and placebo groups. First, the symptoms of menopause were measured based on scores of 0 – 16. The participants arbitrarily used placebo or evening primrose oil 1g perle twice a day for one month. After one month, the symptoms of menopause were measured and compared using Menopause Health Questionnaire. IRCT:1N2017012432161. FINDINGS: The results of the study demonstrated that evening primrose has considerable effects on the reduction of flushing (3.33±0.79 vs. 0.89±0.64), sleep disorders (2.65±0.6 vs. 1.3±0.66) and musculo-skeletal disorders (3.41±0.74 vs. 3.41±0.73 vs. 0.82±0.73) in evening primrose group compared with placebo group (p<0.001). In this study, the mean physical symptom score before menopause was 11.15±1.78, while it was 4.78±1.60 at the end of the study (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Results of the study demonstrated that the use of evening primrose is effective in reducing the physical symptoms in postmenopausal women and can be used as a complementary therapy or an alternative method for hormone replacement method to improve the symptoms of menopause in women

Normative Bone Mineral Density values in Isfahani women

Background: The correct interpretation of bone mineral density (BMD)measurement by dual energy x ray absorptiometry(DEXA) requires a population specific reference range. We collected data on age 20-35 years to obtain reference values of BMD for Isfahani women in order to make a population specific diagnosis of osteoporosis.&#13; Methods: In 660 healthy Isfahani women Volunteers (20-35 years) without illness, use of drugs or predisposing conditions to osteoporosis, the BMD (gr/cm²) of lumbar spine and non-dominant femur was measured by lunar DPX –IQ machine.&#13; Results: The mean BMD and its standard deviations at each site were calculated and compared with normative data from Caucasian US/North European women. No significant differences were detected between them.&#13; Conclusions: Bone mineral density measurements of these 660 healthy Isfahani women can serve as a reference guide for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in Isfahani women.&#13; Key words: Bone Mineral Density, Osteoporosis, Normative data, DEX

Effects of faculty members positive character and its indices on educational motivation of students at the University of Isfahan

Reaching high levels of success in institutions of higher education is deeply dependent on the character and behavior of their professors and instructors for they are the ones who have the power of expanding horizons of higher education actively. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of professors' character on the educational motivation of students at the University of Isfahan. This applied research is a descriptive- correlative study. The statistical population of the study included 13281 students at the University of Isfahan that 373 them whom were selected as the sample through random sampling. The data were collected through a standard researcher-made questionnaire whose content reliability was approved after experts' review. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach Alpha method at 0.91.  The data was analyzed through SPSS 20 computer application. The results revealed that the effect of character on educational motivation of students as the primary hypothesis of the study was significant. Yet, as its secondary hypotheses, the study failed to find a significant relationship between indices of character including wisdom, modesty and passion independently on educational motivation. However, the effect of other indices like honesty, courage, humor and compassion on educational motivation of the students was significant. Thus, it could be concluded that the higher the professors' characteristic indices of honesty, courage, humor and compassion, the more educationally motivated their students will be

Prevalence of depression among women complaining of rape in Tehran, Iran (2013)

Background and Objective: Sexual abuse including rape is a serious problem in one socity. One of the serious consequences of rape is depression. This study was done to determine the prevalence of depression among women complaining of rape in Tehran, Iran (2013). Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 130 rape victims whom referred to the legal medicine center in Tehran, Iran during 2013. Beck questionnaire scale was used to determining of depression among women. Results: The age range of 57% of victims of rape was between 20-30 years old. 48% of victims of rape were married .The rate of depression in victims of rape was 47.7%. Low, moderate and sever of depression was observed in 58%, 27.5% and 14.5% of the victims, respectively. Conclusion: High prevalence of depression was determined in victims of rape in Tehran, Iran

The effect of cognitive-behavioural and solution-focused counselling on prevention of postpartum depression in nulliparous pregnant women

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cognitive-behavioural approach and solution-focused counselling on prevention of postpartum depression in nulliparous pregnant women. Background: Maternity blues is a common disorder and postpartum depression is a serious disorder. Therefore, the use of preventive measures and timely intervention is of particular importance. Methods: In this randomised clinical trial, 85 nulliparous pregnant women at 30–35 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: cognitive-behavioural counselling (n = 25), solution-focused counselling (n = 25) and control (n = 35). Counselling meetings were held on a weekly basis. The cognitive-behavioural group received four sessions of counselling and the solution-focused group received three sessions of counselling. The control group received only routine pregnancy healthcare services. Maternity blues and postpartum depression were, respectively, measured on postpartum days 5 and 15 through the Austin Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The mean scores of the three groups were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: The results of this study showed that the maternity blues mean scores of the three groups of cognitive-behavioural counselling, solution-focused counselling and control groups were 6.1 ± 4.6, 4.2 ± 3.6 and 6.7 ± 4.9, respectively, and the difference between the scores was significant. The mean scores of postnatal depression on the 15th postpartum day in the three groups were 6.7 ± 5.3, 4.4 ± 4.4 and 10.4 ± 5.9, respectively. The results showed that cognitive-behavioural and solution-focused counselling significantly reduced the maternity blues and postpartum depression scores compared with the control group and no difference was observed between the scores of these two counselling methods. The odds ratio of being depressed in women with maternity blues was 7.6 (95 CI: 2.1–27.5). Conclusion: Integration of solution-focused and cognitive-behavioural counselling programmes in prenatal care can be effective for improving the mental health of pregnant women. © 2016 Society for Reproductive and Infant Psychology

Prevalence and risk factors for developing traumatic childbirth in Iran

Aim: Traumatic childbirth is among the important factors that make childbirth an unpleasant experience and has psychological negative effects on women. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with traumatic childbirth. Subject and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 women were interviewed in the first 48 h after childbirth in Torbate-heydariyeh (eastern Iran) in 2015. Traumatic childbirth was determined based on DSM-V-A criteria. Statistical analysis of the data was done through chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of traumatic childbirth was 48.3 (N = 193). Logistic regression showed variables such as place of residence, type of delivery, pregnancy complications, bleeding during pregnancy, rupture of grade 3 or 4 during delivery, and emergency cesarean section were significantly correlated with traumatic childbirth (p <0.001). Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of traumatic childbirth, it is recommended that its associated risk factors be identified so that negative psychological consequences for the mother can be prevented. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg