380 research outputs found
Liquid stability in a model for ortho-terphenyl
We report an extensive study of the phase diagram of a simple model for
ortho-terphenyl, focusing on the limits of stability of the liquid state.
Reported data extend previous studies of the same model to both lower and
higher densities and to higher temperatures. We estimate the location of the
homogeneous liquid-gas nucleation line and of the spinodal locus. Within the
potential energy landscape formalism, we calculate the distributions of depth,
number, and shape of the potential energy minima and show that the statistical
properties of the landscape are consistent with a Gaussian distribution of
minima over a wide range of volumes. We report the volume dependence of the
parameters entering in the Gaussian distribution (amplitude, average energy,
variance). We finally evaluate the locus where the configurational entropy
vanishes, the so-called Kauzmann line, and discuss the relative location of the
spinodal and Kauzmann loci.Comment: RevTeX 4, 8 pages, 8 eps figure
Supersymmetric Langevin equation to explore free energy landscapes
The recently discovered supersymmetric generalizations of Langevin dynamics
and Kramers equation can be utilized for the exploration of free energy
landscapes of systems whose large time-scale separation hampers the usefulness
of standard molecular dynamics techniques. The first realistic application is
here presented. The system chosen is a minimalist model for a short alanine
peptide exhibiting a helix-coil transition.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, RevTeX 4 v2: conclusive section enlarged,
references adde
Cut-off nonlinearities in the low-temperature vibrations of glasses and crystals
We present a computer simulation study of glassy and crystalline states using
the standard Lennard-Jones interaction potential that is truncated at a finite
cut-off distance, as is typical of many computer simulations. We demonstrate
that the discontinuity at the cut-off distance in the first derivative of the
potential (corresponding to the interparticle force) leads to the appearance of
cut-off nonlinearities. These cut-off nonlinearities persist into the
very-low-temperature regime thereby affecting low-temperature thermal
vibrations, which leads to a breakdown of the harmonic approximation for many
eigen modes, particularly for low-frequency vibrational modes. Furthermore,
while expansion nonlinearities which are due to higher order terms in the
Taylor expansion of the interaction potential are usually ignored at low
temperatures and show up as the temperature increases, cut-off nonlinearities
can become most significant at the lowest temperatures. Anharmonic effects
readily show up in the elastic moduli which not only depend on the eigen
frequencies, but are crucially sensitive to the eigen vectors of the normal
modes. Whereas, those observables that rely mainly on static structural
information or just the eigen frequencies, such as the vibrational density of
states, total potential energy, and specific heat, show negligible dependence
on the presence of the cut-off. Similar aspects of nonlinear behavior have
recently been reported in model granular materials, where the constituent
particles interact through finite-range, purely-repulsive potentials. These
nonlinearities have been ascribed to the nature of the sudden cut-off at
contact in the force-law, thus we demonstrate that cut-off nonlinearities
emerge as a general feature of ordered and disordered solid state systems
interacting through truncated potentials.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, 2 table
Dynamic force spectroscopy of DNA hairpins. II. Irreversibility and dissipation
We investigate irreversibility and dissipation in single molecules that
cooperatively fold/unfold in a two state manner under the action of mechanical
force. We apply path thermodynamics to derive analytical expressions for the
average dissipated work and the average hopping number in two state systems. It
is shown how these quantities only depend on two parameters that characterize
the folding/unfolding kinetics of the molecule: the fragility and the
coexistence hopping rate. The latter has to be rescaled to take into account
the appropriate experimental setup. Finally we carry out pulling experiments
with optical tweezers in a specifically designed DNA hairpin that shows
two-state cooperative folding. We then use these experimental results to
validate our theoretical predictions.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figure
Equilibrium and out of equilibrium thermodynamics in supercooled liquids and glasses
We review the inherent structure thermodynamical formalism and the
formulation of an equation of state for liquids in equilibrium based on the
(volume) derivatives of the statistical properties of the potential energy
surface. We also show that, under the hypothesis that during aging the system
explores states associated to equilibrium configurations, it is possible to
generalize the proposed equation of state to out-of-equilibrium conditions. The
proposed formulation is based on the introduction of one additional parameter
which, in the chosen thermodynamic formalism, can be chosen as the local minima
where the slowly relaxing out-of-equilibrium liquid is trapped.Comment: 7 pages, 4 eps figure
Kovacs effects in an aging molecular liquid
We study by means of molecular dynamics simulations the aging behavior of a
molecular model of ortho-terphenyl. We find evidence of a a non-monotonic
evolution of the volume during an isothermal-isobaric equilibration process, a
phenomenon known in polymeric systems as Kovacs effect. We characterize this
phenomenology in terms of landscape properties, providing evidence that, far
from equilibrium, the system explores region of the potential energy landscape
distinct from the one explored in thermal equilibrium. We discuss the relevance
of our findings for the present understanding of the thermodynamics of the
glass state.Comment: RevTeX 4, 4 pages, 5 eps figure
A phytosociological study of the deciduous oak woods of Sardinia (Italy)
We present here the results from a phytosociological and synchorological study of the deciduous oak woods of Sardinia. This vegetation analysis has
allowed the individuation of three new associations: Lonicero implexae-Quercetum virgilianae, Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Quercetum ichnusae and
Glechomo sardoae-Quercetum congestae. The Lonicero implexae-Quercetum virgilianae association includes the woods on calcareous substrata
spread throughout Northern Sardinia, which can occasionally be found in southern areas; the first of these are rich in mesophilous species and are
attributed to the subassociation cyclaminetosum repandi, while the others are referred to quercetosum virgilianae. The Ornithogalo pyrenaici-Quercetum
ichnusae association, more widely distributed in Central-Northern Sardinia, includes the climatophilous deciduous woods that are found on lithological
substrata of a non-carbonatic nature, and in particular, on andesites, trachytes and metarenites. The typical aspect is referred to the subassociation
cytisetosum villosi, while the subassociation ilicetosum aquifolii includes the more mesophilous woods on basaltic substrata. The Glechomo sardoae-
Quercetum congestae association always includes the woods found on the non-carbonatic substrata in the higher altitude areas with an oceanic
pluviseasonal temperate bioclimate. Of this, the subassociation quercetosum congestae, on the granite areas, and oenanthetosum pimpinelloidis, on
those metamorphic and of basalt, are proposed. At the higher hierarchical levels, the association Lonicero implexae-Quercetum virgilianae is referred
to the endemic Sardinian-Corsican suballiance Clematido cirrhosae-Quercenion ilicis, of the alliance Fraxino orni-Quercion ilicis, while for the
other associations the new suballiance Paeonio morisii-Quercenion ichnusae, (holotypus: Glechoma sardoae-Quercetum congestae ass. nova) particular
to the Sardinian biogeographic subprovince, is proposed, of the alliance Pino calabricae-Quercion congestae, the order Quercetalia pubescentipetraeae,
and the class Querco roboris-Fagetea sylvaticae
Glassy behavior of a homopolymer from molecular dynamics simulations
We study at- and out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a single homopolymer chain at
low temperature using molecular dynamics simulations. The main quantities of
interest are the average root mean square displacement of the monomers below
the theta point, and the structure factor, as a function of time. The
observation of these quantities show a close resemblance to those measured in
structural glasses and suggest that the polymer chain in its low temperature
phase is in a glassy phase, with its dynamics dominated by traps. In
equilibrium, at low temperature, we observe the trapping of the monomers and a
slowing down of the overall motion of the polymer as well as non-exponential
relaxation of the structure factor. In out-of-equilibrium, at low temperatures,
we compute the two-time quantities and observe breaking of ergodicity in a
range of waiting times, with the onset of aging.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
- …