Historical Sketch of Prouts Neck

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Angels Must Pay Taxes or the Status of Theaters and Shows under the Internal Revenue Code

Angels Must Pay Taxes or the Status of Theaters and Shows Under the Internal Revenue Cod

Studies of the increased gastrin release associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer disease

Duodenal ulcer disease is strongly associated with infection of the gastric antrum by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), possibly through the exaggerated plasma gastrin response associated with this organism. The work described in this thesis investigates aspects of both the cause and the effect of this increase in gastrin secretion in duodenal ulcer patients. Chapter 2 provides further evidence that H pylori is responsible for the exaggerated gastrin response since when duodenal ulcers are healed by sucralfate, which does not eradicate H pylori, the gastrin response is unchanged. However, unexpectedly, this treatment decreased basal gastric acid secretion. The results of studies described in chapter 3 suggest that the exaggerated gastrin response occurs by a mechanism independent of luminal pH and with no apparent change in the meal-stimulated secretion of acid or pepsin. Despite the fall in meal-stimulated gastrin the peak acid output also remained unchanged a year after the eradication of H pylori (chapter 4) but the basal acid output appeared to decrease in this small study. The work described in chapter 5 confirms this fact; successful eradication of the organism decreased both basal plasma gastrin concentrations and basal acid secretion, without altering the sensitivity of the parietal cell to circulating gastrin. This may be how the eradication of H pylori prevents ulcer recurrences. The cause of the hypergastrinaemia was addressed in the final chapters. Methods were developed to measure somatostatin mRNA from endoscopic biopsies as a surrogate marker of local somatostatin release. It was then established that the hypergastrinaemia seen in pernicious anaemia is associated with a deficiency of somatostatin mRNA (chapter 6). Finally, an increase in both somatostatin-secreting cells and somatostatin mRNA was found after the eradication of H pylori, implying that this bacterium increases gastrin release by the depletion of somatostatin

Engineering for the Human Environment

President\u27s Introduction: The environment of man has been the subject of intensive studies in recent years as the dangers of pollution became increasingly evident. The atmostphere we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, all are endangered by defilement. Thre resolution of the conflict can came only through a asystematic reordering of the national way of life so that man himself will not fall victim to the wastes of his civilization. For forty years Utah State University has been vitally concerned with the problems of pollution. Utah State surveys and studies have revealed the effects of pollutants on man, animals, and plants, and the search continues in USU laboraties for a solution to the problem. The recent Utah legislature commended the University for its past efforts while noting that much remains to be done to finally resolve the dilemma. In recodnizing the urgent need to reduce air and water pollution in Utah to protect the health and welfare of Utah\u27s citizens, the Resolution applauded USU for it able staff which has for many years studied water quality, the effects of air contaminants, solid waste disposal, and related matters, and urged a contimuation of research designed to reduce the pollution of the environment. The speech of Senator Frank E. Moss at the Engineering Week banquet is a penetrating analysis of the problems America faces in the area of pollution. It should be required reading for those who hope to effect a change in the porcesses of pollution. Daryl Chase, Presiden

WetNet operations

WetNet is an interdisciplinary Earth science data analysis and research project with an emphasis on the study of the global hydrological cycle. The project goals are to facilitate scientific discussion, collaboration, and interaction among a selected group of investigators by providing data access and data analysis software on a personal computer. The WetNet system fulfills some of the functionality of a prototype Product Generation System (PGS), Data Archive and Distribution System (DADS), and Information Management System for the Distributed Active Archive Center. The PGS functionality is satisfied in WetNet by processing the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) data into a standard format (McIDAS) data sets and generating geophysical parameter Level II browse data sets. The DADS functionality is fulfilled when the data sets are archived on magneto optical cartridges and distributed to the WetNet investigators. The WetNet data sets on the magneto optical cartridges contain the complete WetNet processing, catalogue, and menu software in addition to SSM/I orbit data for the respective two week time period

Managing Water Infrastructures in the Berlin-Brandenburg Region between Climate Change, Economic Restructuring and Commercialisation

Global change is posing a major challenge to existing forms of natural resource use, socio-economic development and institutional regulation. Although trends such as climate change, socio-economic transformation and institutional change are global in their scope, they have very specific regional outcomes. Regionally distinct coping strategies are required which take into account both the diversity of regional impacts of global change and the local contexts of appropriate responses. This paper explores the impacts of global change on the management of water infrastructure systems in the Berlin-Brandenburg region in terms of three concurrent and overlapping challenges: climate change, socio-economic change and institutional change. It subsequently examines how regional actors in the water sector are addressing these three dimensions of global change

Origin-independent plasmid replication occurs in vaccinia virus cytoplasmic factories and requires all five known poxvirus replication factors

BACKGROUND: Replication of the vaccinia virus genome occurs in cytoplasmic factory areas and is dependent on the virus-encoded DNA polymerase and at least four additional viral proteins. DNA synthesis appears to start near the ends of the genome, but specific origin sequences have not been defined. Surprisingly, transfected circular DNA lacking specific viral sequences is also replicated in poxvirus-infected cells. Origin-independent plasmid replication depends on the viral DNA polymerase, but neither the number of additional viral proteins nor the site of replication has been determined. RESULTS: Using a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction assay, we detected a >400-fold increase in newly replicated plasmid in cells infected with vaccinia virus. Studies with conditional lethal mutants of vaccinia virus indicated that each of the five proteins known to be required for viral genome replication was also required for plasmid replication. The intracellular site of replication was determined using a plasmid containing 256 repeats of the Escherichia coli lac operator and staining with an E. coli lac repressor-maltose binding fusion protein followed by an antibody to the maltose binding protein. The lac operator plasmid was localized in cytoplasmic viral factories delineated by DNA staining and binding of antibody to the viral uracil DNA glycosylase, an essential replication protein. In addition, replication of the lac operator plasmid was visualized continuously in living cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the lac repressor fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. Discrete cytoplasmic fluorescence was detected in cytoplasmic juxtanuclear sites at 6 h after infection and the area and intensity of fluorescence increased over the next several hours. CONCLUSION: Replication of a circular plasmid lacking specific poxvirus DNA sequences mimics viral genome replication by occurring in cytoplasmic viral factories and requiring all five known viral replication proteins. Therefore, small plasmids may be used as surrogates for the large poxvirus genome to study trans-acting factors and mechanism of viral DNA replication