21 research outputs found

    Retardation of visual perception as a criterion for early detection of dyslexia

    Full text link
    The research aim is to reveal diagnostics possibilities of incompleteness of subsequent visual scanning and holistic strategy of an identification of the visual cues affected on successful children reading skills formation.Β Methods. While working out the diagnostic methodology of deterioration of reading skills (dyslexia), the author relies on the ontogenetic principles (from simple to complicated), integrity, system approach and fundamental principles on common principles of speech development (B. G. Anan’ev, L. I. Beljakova, N. I. Zhinkin, A. A. Leont’ev, T. N. Ushakova). Besides the principles of specific pedagogics, the author uses general pedagogical principles as presentation, accessibility, consciousness, concretenesses, an individual approach, stage-by-stage skills formation, etc. The methods of direct application on defective activity and didactic information (selection and arrangement are considered).Β Results. The author specifies the characteristics of visual perception affected on successful reading skills acquirement of schoolchildren during the period of primary education due to the detection of suppositions to deterioration of their reading skills (dyslexia) and graded-correctional effect on them. The types of visual scanning or search such as consistent field of gaze fixation from left to right and the chaotic search presented with Β«spasmodicΒ» returnable eye movements. Additionally, the strategies of a visual identification are defined: holistic (a complete identification of hierarchically organised visual cues) and analytical (element-by-element recognition). It is proved that in the course of training to reading children gradually go over from chaotic to the consecutive search necessary for right-hand visual scanning of the text; and from analytical strategy to holistic. Retardation of visual perception development (shown in absence of the given transition) causes occurrence of dyslexia.Β Scientific novelty. The author presents own developed and tested diagnostic methodology that allows finding out an underlying risk for dyslexia emergence; it is related to chaotic visual search and analytical strategy of an identification of printed characters. The traditional method of coping with the reading skills defect is updated with new methods and techniques of correctional actions which are directed at visual perception improvement.Β Practical significance. Proposed diagnostic methods can be used by speech therapists or speech-language pathologists of general education institutions for early detection and warning of the reading skills defectЦСль исслСдования – Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ возмоТности диагностики нСсформированности ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сканирования ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тСкста ΠΈ холистичСской стратСгии опознания Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стимулов, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠ° чтСния.Β ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ диагностичСской ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ выявлСния Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ чтСния Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ опирался Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ онтогСнСтичности (ΠΎΡ‚ простого ΠΊ слоТному), комплСксности, Π½Π° систСмный ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ основныС полоТСния ΠΎ закономСрностях Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития, ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ… Π‘. Π“. АнаньСва, Π›. И. БСляковой, Н. И. Π–ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π°, А. А. Π›Π΅ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π²Π°, Π’. Н. Ушаковой. Помимо ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ пСдагогичСскиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹: наглядности, доступности, ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, конкрСтности, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, поэтапного формирования Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€. Π’ исслСдовании ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ прямого воздСйствия Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ дидактичСского ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡ€ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ.Β Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Для обнаруТСния Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ прСдпосылок ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ чтСния ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ воздСйствия Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ… Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ восприятия, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ овладСния Ρ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ школьниками Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ обучСния. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поиска: ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ слСТСниС Π²Π·ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ слСва Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ, ΠΈ хаотичСский поиск, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² «скачкообразных» Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… двиТСниях Π³Π»Π°Π·; ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ стратСгии Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ опознания: холистичСская (цСлостноС ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ иСрархичСски ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… стимулов) ΠΈ аналитичСская (поэлСмСнтноС ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅). Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² процСссС обучСния Ρ‡Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ осущСствляСтся постСпСнный ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ хаотичСского ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ поиску, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ для правостороннСго Π·Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сканирования тСкста, ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚ аналитичСской стратСгии ΠΊ холистичСской. ВыявлСна рСтардация развития Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ восприятия, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°ΡΡΡ Π² отсутствии Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, которая ΠΈ обусловливаСт Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ чтСния. Научная Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° диагностичСская ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… этапах ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ возникновСнию Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ чтСния, связанного с хаотичСским Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ поиском ΠΈ аналитичСской стратСгиСй опознания ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ². Врадиционная ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° прСодолСния Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ чтСния Ρƒ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ»Π°Π΄ΡˆΠΈΡ… классов Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ восприятия.Β ΠŸΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. ДиагностичСская ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ выявлСния ΠΈ прСдупрСТдСния Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ чтСния (дислСксии) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΡ‡Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ 

    Clinical mimics and diagnostic challenges in tick-borne borreliosis: a systematic review

    Get PDF
    Background.Β Ixodes tick-borne borreliosis (TBB) is a clinically multifaceted disease posing a serious threat in most territories of the Russian Federation. New TBB outbreaks emerge and spread to the country’s south.Objectives.Β The review highlights the TBB clinical diversity to physicians in order to improve the diagnosis quality and opportune aid. It focuses on the early and late clinical presentation of localised and disseminated polysystemic TBB.Methods.Β Sources were mined in the MEDLINE, PubMed and national electronic databases (Π‘yberleninka, eLibrary, etc.) with keywords β€œtick-borne borreliosis” [ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‰Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ·], β€œLyme disease” [болСзнь Π›Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ°], β€œLyme arthritis” [Π›Π°ΠΉΠΌ-Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹], neuroborreliosis [Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ·] for the period of 2014–2020. Selected impactive publications within 2007–2013 were also included. Research was considered eligible if borreliosis was diagnosed using specific techniques like immune-enzyme assays, immunoblotting or PCR.Results.Β TBB is a common and cross-disciplinary situation. The disease may progress occult or manifest in a variety of forms, from annular erythema to cardiac, peripheral and central nervous system involvement or arthritis. The polysystemic nature of lesions, often long-term of the tick bite, forces multiple specialist visits ending with misdiagnoses, late aetiotropic therapy and transition into a chronic phase through ignorance of the patient’s epidemiological record. Some patients may have the acute phase followed by irreversible neurological damage associated with memory loss, cognitive decline, arthrosis and sclerotic skin change reducing the quality of life.Conclusion.Β TBB can be mimicked by therapeutic, neurological, skin and ophthalmic illnesses, which warrants the physician’s attention to the epidemiological record and knowledge of specific diagnostic techniques. Further research is necessary into the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of chronic TBB and its residual manifestations
    corecore