Biotransformation of Monoterpenoids by Suspension Cultures of Lavandula angustifolia

Abstract Callus and suspension cultures of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (Lamiaceae) were established and the effect of different culture media on growth rate was investigated. Terpenoids added to suspension culture to investigate their biotransformation. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy (MS). Octan-1-ol, citronellol, linalool, borneol and geraniol were biotransformed products of octanal, citronellal, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate and geranyl acetate, respectively. Citronellol, linalool, borneol, and menthol didn't change by L. angustifolia suspension cultures. Blue pigment production by cultures of L. angustifolia was also studied. Ester hydrolysis and oxidation were the main reactions which occurred in biotransformation process, which may be attributed to the presence of related or bifunctional enzymes. This technique is a possible way of the production of expensive or rare compounds from cheap and plentiful substrates

A clean and highly efficient synthesis of 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols) using Ce(SO4)2.4H2O as heterogeneous catalyst

The synthesis of 4,4′-(arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol) was performed effectively by the reaction of aryl aldehydes and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone in the presence of a catalytic amount of Ce(SO4)2.4H2O as reusable and environmentally friendly catalyst in water/ethanol solution within 5–25 min in 80–98% yields. All of the obtained compounds were characterized by FT IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The method has the advantages of high yields, short reaction time, simple work-up and reusability of catalyst

The Effect of Nebulized Furosemide in Patients with Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Objectives: Furosemide is one of the elements of drug therapy for cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but its systemic administration is associated with complications, such as hypotension, renal damage, and decreased serum potassium. Inhalation administration is a new route, which does not have the side effects of systemic administration, but its effectiveness is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment with the nebulized furosemide in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema Methodes: This clinical trial study was conducted on 125 patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema reffering to the Department of Emergency Medicine of Rasoul Akram and Firouzgar hospitals in 2017. The samples were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (62 individuals receiving furosemide with nebulizer) and control (63 individuals receiving normal saline with nebulizer). After the vital Signs intervention, the data relating to the lung were compared using t-test and Chi square test. Results: There was no difference between the two studied groups in terms of the mean changes in systolic (intervention 129, plasebo 128.9) and diastolic blood pressures (intervention 79.2, plasebo 78), pulse rate (intervention 92.2, plasebo 91.8), respiratory rate (intervention 22.8, plasebo 22.3), and blood oxygen saturation (intervention 92, plasebo 91.7). Changes in lung auscultation showed no statistically significant changes between the groups (p = 0.56). Conclusion: The finding of the present study revealed that inhaled furosemide had no positive effect in the patients with acute pulmonary edema. Therefore, considering the novelty of the issue, further studies are recommended

بررسی علل مراجعه مکرر به اورژانس بیمارستان های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران؛ یک مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی

Introduction: Readmission is among the causes of overcrowding in hospital emergency departments. Identifying the characteristics of patients with readmission helps healthcare administrators propose more effective strategies to reduce the frequency of their readmission to the emergency department. This study was designed to investigate the characteristics of readmitted patients in emergency departments of hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: Patients with more than 5 times admissions to emergency wards of Rasoul-e-Akram, 7 Tir martyrs, and Firoozgar Hospitals from March 2017 to March 2018 were selected using Health information system (HIS), which recorded computerized patient information. Frequency of referrals and patient complaints during readmission to emergency departments were extracted from patient records. Results: Out of all referrals to hospitals (around 20 thousand patients), 208 patients were readmitted to emergency departments of the mentioned hospitals more than five times (minimum 5 and maximum 10 times). Mean readmission frequency was 6.40 ± 1.26 times and mean patient age was 52.53±17.02 years. Most frequent underlying illnesses were cancer, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart ischemic; and the least frequent were schizophrenia, aplastic anemia, and drug addiction.  Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between age and readmission (p-value=0.001). Cancer, COPD, and ischemic heart diseases were the most common causes of readmission to the emergency department. Shortness of breath, chest pain and weakness were the most common complaints at the time of readmission in this study.مقدمه: مراجعات مکرر از علل اصلی ایجاد ازدحام در بخش های اورژانس بیمارستان ها می باشد. شناسایی ویژگی های مراجعین مکرر به مدیران سیستم ارائه خدمات درمانی کمک می کند تا راهکار های موثرتری برای کاهش تعداد دفعات مراجعه آنها به بخش اورژانس ارائه دهند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ویژگی های مراجعین مکرر بخش های اورژانس بیمارستان های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران طراحی شد. روش کار: بیمارانی که طی سال 1396 بیش از 5 بار به بخش های اورژانس بیمارستان های حضرت رسول اکرم (ص)، شهدای 7 تیر و فیروزگر دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران مراجعه کرده بودند با استفاده از سیستم های رایانه ای ثبت اطلاعات بیماران Health information system (HIS) ، تعداد مراجعات و شکایات بیمار در زمان مراجعات مکرر به بخش های اورژانس از پرونده های بیماران استخراج شدند. يافته ها: از بین مراجعات به اورژانس بیمارستان ها (حدود 200 هزار بیمار)، 208 بیمار بیش از 5 بار (حداقل 5 و حداکثر 10 بار) به بخش های اورژانس بیمارستان های مورد بررسی مراجعه کرده بودند. میانگین تعداد دفعات مراجعه کنندگان بیش از 5 بار، 40/6 بار با انحراف معیار 26/1 بار بود. میانگین سنی بیماران 52/53 سال با انحراف معیار 02/17 سال بود. شایع ترین بیماری های زمینه ای در بیماران شامل سرطان، آسم و بیماری های مزمن ریوی و پس از آن بیماری های ایسکمیک قلب بودند. کمترین شیوع را بیماری های اسکیزوفرنی، آنمی آپلاستیک و مسمومیت با مواد مخدر تشکیل می دادند. بین سن و تعداد مراجعات مکرر رابطه آماری معنی دار وجود داشت (P= 0.001). نتيجه گيری: نتایج نشان داد که سن یک پیش بینی کننده بسیار مهم در بررسی تعداد دفعات مراجعه بیمار به بخش اورژانس می باشد. سرطان، بیماری های انسدادی ریه و بیماری های ایسکمیک قلبی رایج ترین علل مراجعه مکرر بیماران به بخش اورژانس بودند. تنگی نفس، درد سینه و ضعف رایج ترین شکایات در بیماران با مراجعه مکرر بودند

Prevalence and Causes of Job Burnout Syndrome among Emergency Medicine Residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences

مقدمه: قسمت عمده ای از زندگی روزانه هر فرد صرف اشتغال به کار می شود و فعالیت کاری از نظر سلامت روانی شخص، امری مهم به حساب می آید. همواره عوامل متعددی به عنوان منابع فشار های روانی (استرس) در محیط کار وجود دارند و با توجه به اهميت مشکل فرسودگي شغلي و عواقب آن مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی شيوع و علل فرسودگي شغلي در دستیاران طب اورژانس در بیمارستان های دانشگاه ایران انجام شد. روش کار: این مطالعه مقطعی در بیمارستان حضرت رسول وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران در طی سالهای 1393 تا 1396 انجام گرفت. نمونه گیری به شیوه سرشماری انجام شد و تمامی دستیاران طب اورژانس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران در طی مدت انجام این در صورت تمایل و داشتن حداقل ٦ ماه سابقه کار در بخش اورژانس وارد مطالعه شدند. خوانا نبودن و یا مخدوش بودن پرسشنامه تکمیل شده به عنوان معیار خروج از مطالعه لحاظ گردید. اطلاعات پس از جمع آوری توسط نرم افزار SPSS-16 تحت روش های آماری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. يافته ها: در کل 83 دستیار طب اورژانس با میانگین سنی 4/3 ± 0/33 سال در مطالعه شرکت کردند که 45 نفر (2/54 درصد) زن بودند. از این تعداد 60 نفر (3/72 درصد) به رشته خود ابراز علاقه نمودند. متوسط میزان فرسودگی شغلی دستیاران با میانگین 13/19 ± 32/90 (محدوده بین 124- 26) نمره بود.. نتيجه گيری: میانگین فرسودگی شغلی در بین دستیاران مورد مطالعه در محدوده مطلوب بدست آمد و افزایش سن مهمترین عامل بالا رفتن شاخص فرسودگی شغلی ایشان بود...

Sedimentology of a transgressive mixed‐energy (wave/tide‐dominated) estuary, Upper Devonian Geirud Formation (Alborz Basin, northern Iran)

The Upper Devonian (Frasnian to Famennian) Geirud Formation exposed in the northeastern margin of the Albortz Basin, Iran, records the development and the evolution of a mixed‐energy (wave‐tide dominated) estuary adjacent to an open coast. Four vertically‐ stacked groups of facies associations were detected in supporting this interpretation: (i) a river‐dominated, bay‐head delta zone, including basal fluvial channel belts, flood plains and tidally‐influenced channels; (ii) a mixed‐energy, central basin zone, consisting of sand‐rich and mud‐rich tidal flats, associated with tidal channels and bars; (iii) a wave‐dominated, coastal and open‐marine shelf zone, comprising siliciclastic marine deposits; and (iv) an open‐marine shelf zone representing the uppermost stratigraphic interval of the Geirud Formation and consisting of carbonate offshore and bioclastic‐rich deposits. The large‐scale depositional architectures of the Geirud strata are exposed among three main investigated areas. The correlation of the three sections suggests that the Geirud Formation includes two major stratigraphic intervals: (i) a lowermost compound incised‐valley fill; and (ii) an overlying transgressiveregressive interval. The latter also comprises shoreface and open‐shelf sediments over the estuarine deposits, instead of coastal barrier or estuarine mouth sand deposits, which are usually considered as important depositional elements in the classical estuary facies models. The stratigraphic evolution reconstructed in this paper documents the infill of incised valleys during an important episode of relative sea‐level rise and the ensuing overstepping of these valleys by an estuarine system which, in turn, became transgressed by siliciclastic shoreface and carbonate open marine facies

Serum cortisol level and adrenal reserve as a predictor of patients’ outcome after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Introduction: It is thought that pituitary-adrenal axis has a fundamental role in outcome of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). This study designed to evaluate the correlation between adrenal reserve and post-resuscitation outcome. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 52 consecutive patients with CPA were enrolled in two emergency departments (EDs) over a 3-month period. Plasma cortisol level was measured at the beginning of CPR. Intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test was carried out after successful CPR, and blood samples were taken at 30 and 60 minutes, and 24 hours thereafter. Patients were divided into two groups: in-hospital death or hospital discharge. Results: In patients who died, baseline and post-ACTH serum cortisol after 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours were higher than patients who discharged from the hospital, but it was not statistically significant except to that of minute 60 (P = 0.49). A model of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and need for vasopressor infusion correlated with mortality. Conclusion: Current study could not show the statistically significant difference in initial and post-ACTH serum cortisol levels between survivor and non-survivor patients with cardiac arrest who had initial successful CPR, except to that of minute 60