ARDUINO Tutor: An Intelligent Tutoring System for Training on ARDUINO

This paper aims at helping trainees to overcome the difficulties they face when dealing with Arduino platform by describing the design of a desktop based intelligent tutoring system. The main idea of this system is a systematic introduction into the concept of Arduino platform. The system shows the circuit boards of Arduino that can be purchased at low cost or assembled from freely-available plans; and an open-source development environment and library for writing code to control the board topic of Arduino platform. The system is adaptive with the trainee’s individual progress. The system functions as a special tutor who deals with trainees according to their levels and skills. Evaluation of the system has been applied on professional and unprofessional trainees in this field and the results were good

Detecting Heart Attacks Using Learning Classifiers

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a critical global threat to human life. The diagnosis of these diseases presents a complex challenge, particularly for inexperienced doctors, as their symptoms can be mistaken for signs of aging or similar conditions. Early detection of heart disease can help prevent heart failure, making it crucial to develop effective diagnostic techniques. Machine Learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity among researchers for identifying new patients based on past data. While various forecasting techniques have been applied to different medical datasets, accurate detection of heart attacks in a timely manner remains elusive. This article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of various ML techniques, including Decision Tree, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Adaptive Boosting, Multilayer Perceptron, Gradient Boosting, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Logistic Regression. These classifiers are implemented and evaluated in Python using data from over 300 patients obtained from the Kaggle cardiovascular repository in CSV format. The classifiers categorize patients into two groups: those with a heart attack and those without. Performance evaluation metrics such as recall, precision, accuracy, and the F1-measure are employed to assess the classifiers’ effectiveness. The results of this study highlight XGBoost classifier as a promising tool in the medical domain for accurate diagnosis, demonstrating the highest predictive accuracy (95.082%) with a calculation time of (0.07995 sec) on the dataset compared to other classifiers

On the Geometry of Equiform Normal Curves in the Galilean Space G4

In our article, we establish the definition of the Equiform Normal curves in Galilean space G4. To obtain the position vector of an Equiform Normal curve in G4, we have to solve an integro-differential equation in μ2, where μ2 is the position function of a space curve γ (σ ) in the direction of third vector V3 of the Galilean space. Special cases of Equiform Normal curvatures are discussed. Finally, we prove that there is no equiform normal curve that is congruent to an Equiform Normal curve in G4

Knowledge Based System for Long-term Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain) Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract: Background: the abdomen is called (the belly, tummy, stomach, or midriff) establishes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans. The abdomen contains most of the tube like organs of the digestive tract, as well as several solid organs. Hollow abdominal organs comprise the stomach, the small intestine, and the colon with its attached appendix. Organs such as the liver, its attached gallbladder, and the pancreas function in close association with the digestive tract and communicate with it via ducts. Objectives: the main goal of this expert system is to get the appropriate diagnosis of abdomen disease and the correct treatment. Methods: in this paper the design of the proposed expert system which was produced to help internist physicians in diagnosing many of the abdomen diseases such as: hiatal hernia, gastritis, ulcer or heartburn; the proposed expert system presents an overview about abdomen diseases are given, the cause of diseases are outlined and the treatment of disease whenever possible is given out. Clips expert system language was used for designing and implementing the proposed expert system. Results: the proposed abdomen diseases diagnosis expert system was evaluated by medical students and they were satisfied with its performance. Conclusions: the proposed expert system is very useful for internist physician, patients with abdomen problem and newly graduated physician

Protective Effect of Humic acid and Chitosan on Radish (Raphanus sativus, L. var. sativus) Plants Subjected to Cadmium Stress

BackgroundHumic acid or chitosan has been shown to increase plant growth, yield and improving physiological processes in plant, but its roles on alleviating the harmful effect of cadmium on plant growth and some physiological processes in plants is very rare. Pot experiments were conducted to study the role of 100 and 200 mg/kg dry soil from either humic acid or chitosan on counteracted the harmful effects of cadmium levels (100 and 150 mg/kg dry soil) on radish plant growth and some physiological charactersResultsCadmium at 100 and 150 mg kg-1 soil decreased significantly length, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root systems as well as leaf number per plant in both seasons. Chlorophyll, total sugars, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, relative water content, water deficit percentage and soluble proteins as well as total amino acids contents were also decreased. Meanwhile, cadmium concentration in plants was increased. On the other hand, application of chitosan or humic acid as soil addition at the concentration of 100 or 200 mg kg-1 increased all the above mentioned parameters and decreased cadmium concentrations in plant tissues. Chitosan at 200 mg kg-1 was the most effective than humic acid at both concentrations in counteracting the harmful effect of cadmium stress on radish plant growth.ConclusionIn conclusion, both natural chelators, in particular, chitosan at 200 mg/kg dry soil can increase the capacity of radish plant to survive under cadmium stress due to chelating the Cd in the soil, and then reduced Cd bio-availability

Forest Fire Detection using Deep Leaning

Abstract: Forests are areas with a high density of trees, and they play a vital role in the health of the planet. They provide a habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species, and they help to regulate the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. While in 2010, the world had 3.92Gha of forest cover, covering 30% of its land area, in 2019, there was a loss of forest cover of 24.2Mha according to the Global Forest Watch institute. Discovery and classification depend on human experience and effort, so the error in the results of this process can lead to forest fires and disasters. Therefore, deep learning algorithms from artificial intelligence and machine learning sciences have been applied to help specialists avoid false or inaccurate diagnoses when detecting Forest fires in images using a pre-trained convolutional neural network called VGG16. The model was customized to fit the Forest fires classification and then applied to a dataset consisting of (14,000) of the Forests collected from the Kaggle depository. We trained, validated, and tested the modified VGG16 model. The proposed VGG16 model obtained Precision (99.96%), Recall (99.96%), and F1-Score (99.96%)

Credit Score Classification Using Machine Learning

Abstract: Ensuring the proactive detection of transaction risks is paramount for financial institutions, particularly in the context of managing credit scores. In this study, we compare different machine learning algorithms to effectively and efficiently. The algorithms used in this study were: MLogisticRegressionCV, ExtraTreeClassifier,LGBMClassifier,AdaBoostClassifier, GradientBoostingClassifier,Perceptron,RandomForestClassifier,KNeighborsClassifier,BaggingClassifier, DecisionTreeClassifier, CalibratedClassifierCV, LabelPropagation, Deep Learning. The dataset was collected from Kaggle depository. It consists of 164 rows and 8 columns. The best classifier with unbalanced dataset was the LogisticRegressionCV. The Accuracy 100.0%, precession 100.0%,Recall100.0% and the F1-score 100.0%. However, the best classifier with balanced dataset was the LogisticRegressionCV. The Accuracy 100.0%, precession 100.0%, Recall 100.0% and the F1-score 100.0%

BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOOTING ON SOFT CLAY IMPROVED BY COMPACTED FLY ASH

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems. Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallow footing prototype. On the other hand, fly ash, which can be defined as undesirable industrial waste material, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The soft soil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm were used .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and fly ash. The soft soil was improved by a bed of compacted fly ash placed under the footing with dimensions equal to that of footing but with different depth ratios. The results show that there is a noticeable improvement in the behavior of footing when improved by compacted fly ash. The improvement showed a decrease in settlement and increase in bearing capacity. The improvement ratio in bearing capacity was calculated by comparing the ultimate bearing capacity value when testing the kaolin alone with its value of kaolin improved with compacted fly ash at the same value of eccentricity. It is important to note that eccentricity values were chosen according to the rule of middle third of footing base(i.e.,e≤B/6). The improvement ratio was about (130%) in average value, that represent a good ratio of improvemen

Investigating the implementation of differentiated HIV services and implications for pregnant and postpartum women: A mixed methods multi-country study.

Universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) for pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa has required adaptations to service delivery. We compared national policies on differentiated HIV service delivery with facility-level implementation, and explored provider and user experiences in rural Malawi, Tanzania and South Africa. Four national policies and two World Health Organization guidelines on HIV treatment for pregnant and postpartum women published between 2013 and 2017 were reviewed and summarised. Results were compared with implementation data from surveys undertaken in 34 health facilities. Eighty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted with pregnant and post-partum women living with HIV, their partners and providers. In 2018, differentiated service policies varied across countries. None specifically accounted for pregnant or postpartum women. Malawian policies endorsed facility-based multi-month scripting for clinically-stable adult ART patients, excluding pregnant or breastfeeding women. In Tanzania and South Africa, national policies proposed community-based and facility-based approaches, for which pregnant women were not eligible. Interview data suggested some implementation of differentiated services for pregnant and postpartum women beyond stipulated policies in all settings. Although these adaptations were appreciated by pregnant and postpartum women, they could lead to frustrations among other users when criteria for fast-track services or multi-month prescriptions were not clear

Genotoxic and Anatomical Deteriorations Associated with Potentially Toxic Elements Accumulation in Water Hyacinth Grown in Drainage Water Resources

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs)-induced genotoxicity on aquatic plants is still an open question. Herein, a single clone from a population of water hyacinth covering a large distribution area of Nile River (freshwater) was transplanted in two drainage water resources to explore the hazardous effect of PTEs on molecular, biochemical and anatomical characters of plants compared to those grown in freshwater. Inductivity Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis indicated that PTEs concentrations in water resources were relatively low in most cases. However, the high tendency of water hyacinth to bio-accumulate and bio-magnify PTEs maximized their concentrations in plant samples (roots in particular). A Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay showed the genotoxic effects of PTEs on plants grown in drainage water. PTEs accumulation caused substantial alterations in DNA profiles including the presence or absence of certain bands and even the appearance of new bands. Plants grown in drainage water exhibited several mutations on the electrophoretic profiles and banding pattern of total protein, especially proteins isolated from roots. Several anatomical deteriorations were observed on PTEs-stressed plants including reductions in the thickness of epidermis, cortex and endodermis as well as vascular cylinder diameter. The research findings of this investigation may provide some new insights regarding molecular, biochemical and anatomical responses of water hyacinth grown in drainage water resources.</jats:p