Precap: \u3cem\u3eSweeney v. 3rd Judicial District\u3c/em\u3e

The question in this case is whether the attorney-client privilege covers an attorney’s communication to a client about a public court date. This case arose after the petitioner, defense attorney Shannon Sweeney, refused to disclose her communication with a client who had failed to show up to a mandatory pre-trial conference and was consequently charged with bail jumping. The State subpoenaed Sweeney for the communications and documents between Sweeney and her client to prove the required knowledge element in the client’s felony bail jumping case, but Sweeney has asserted that any communication with her client is protected under the attorney-client privilege. This case is significant because it will help define the scope of Montana’s unique attorney-client privilege. Sweeney now asks the Montana Supreme Court to issue a Writ of Supervisory Control to advise the district court whether this particular type of communication is protected by the attorney-client privilege

Precap: \u3cem\u3eSweeney v. 3rd Judicial District\u3c/em\u3e

The question in this case is whether the attorney-client privilege covers an attorney’s communication to a client about a public court date. This case arose after the petitioner, defense attorney Shannon Sweeney, refused to disclose her communication with a client who had failed to show up to a mandatory pre-trial conference and was consequently charged with bail jumping. The State subpoenaed Sweeney for the communications and documents between Sweeney and her client to prove the required knowledge element in the client’s felony bail jumping case, but Sweeney has asserted that any communication with her client is protected under the attorney-client privilege. This case is significant because it will help define the scope of Montana’s unique attorney-client privilege. Sweeney now asks the Montana Supreme Court to issue a Writ of Supervisory Control to advise the district court whether this particular type of communication is protected by the attorney-client privilege

Queensland Coral Fishery Ecological Risk Assessment Update : Phase 1

The Queensland Coral Fishery (QCF) has been the subject of two previous risk assessments, the first in 2008 and an update in 2013. This report builds on these initial ERAs and establishes a more adaptive, staged approach to the assessment of risk. Under this strategy, risk profiles for species driving management reforms will be prioritised for assessment (Phase 1). These initial assessments will be built on through subsequent ERAs examining the risk posed to secondary and emerging priorities (Phase 2 & 3). In Phase 1 of the QCF ERA update (this Report), a Consequence & Likelihood Analysis (CLA) was used to examine the risk posed to 22 priority species. Under the CLA methodology, risk assessments consider two key components: 1) the extent of a consequence if a species were to experience an undesirable event and 2) the likelihood of the consequence occurring over the next 10 years. The CLA is a qualitative assessment method and assigns each species with an indicative risk rating of low, moderate, high or extreme. Of the 22 species assessed in Phase 1 of the QCF ERA, eight were classified as being at low risk of experiencing an undesirable event due to coral fishing activities. A further seven species were assigned a moderate (n = 3), high (n = 2) or extreme (n = 2) risk rating. Risk profile updates for the remaining seven species were deferred until the catch composition data improves. The CLA also identified several risk areas for this QCF including the risk of over-harvesting, limited information on species-specific rates of harvest and an absence of finer-scale output controls. These are being addressed as part of the Queensland Sustainable Fisheries Strategy 2017–2017 and in response to conditions outlined in the most recent WTO. Phase 1 of the QCF ERA update will be built on through subsequent assessments examining the risk posed to additional species and emerging priorities

Enhanced axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination offers neuroprotection:implications for multiple sclerosis

Axonal loss is the key pathological substrate of neurological disability in demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the consequences of demyelination on neuronal and axonal biology are poorly understood. The abundance of mitochondria in demyelinated axons in MS raises the possibility that increased mitochondrial content serves as a compensatory response to demyelination. Here, we show that upon demyelination mitochondria move from the neuronal cell body to the demyelinated axon, increasing axonal mitochondrial content, which we term the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). However, following demyelination axons degenerate before the homeostatic ARMD reaches its peak. Enhancement of ARMD, by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial transport from the cell body to axon, protects acutely demyelinated axons from degeneration. To determine the relevance of ARMD to disease state, we examined MS autopsy tissue and found a positive correlation between mitochondrial content in demyelinated dorsal column axons and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) deficiency in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cell bodies. We experimentally demyelinated DRG neuron-specific complex IV deficient mice, as established disease models do not recapitulate complex IV deficiency in neurons, and found that these mice are able to demonstrate ARMD, despite the mitochondrial perturbation. Enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics in complex IV deficient neurons protects the axon upon demyelination. Consequently, increased mobilisation of mitochondria from the neuronal cell body to the axon is a novel neuroprotective strategy for the vulnerable, acutely demyelinated axon. We propose that promoting ARMD is likely to be a crucial preceding step for implementing potential regenerative strategies for demyelinating disorders.</p

Enhanced axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination offers neuroprotection:implications for multiple sclerosis

Axonal loss is the key pathological substrate of neurological disability in demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the consequences of demyelination on neuronal and axonal biology are poorly understood. The abundance of mitochondria in demyelinated axons in MS raises the possibility that increased mitochondrial content serves as a compensatory response to demyelination. Here, we show that upon demyelination mitochondria move from the neuronal cell body to the demyelinated axon, increasing axonal mitochondrial content, which we term the axonal response of mitochondria to demyelination (ARMD). However, following demyelination axons degenerate before the homeostatic ARMD reaches its peak. Enhancement of ARMD, by targeting mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial transport from the cell body to axon, protects acutely demyelinated axons from degeneration. To determine the relevance of ARMD to disease state, we examined MS autopsy tissue and found a positive correlation between mitochondrial content in demyelinated dorsal column axons and cytochromecoxidase (complex IV) deficiency in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuronal cell bodies. We experimentally demyelinated DRG neuron-specific complex IV deficient mice, as established disease models do not recapitulate complex IV deficiency in neurons,and found that these mice are able to demonstrate ARMD, despite the mitochondrial perturbation.Enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics in complex IV deficient neurons protects the axon upon demyelination. Consequently, increased mobilisation of mitochondria from the neuronal cell body to the axon is a novel neuroprotective strategy for the vulnerable, acutely demyelinated axon. We propose that promoting ARMD is likely to be a crucial preceding step for implementing potential regenerative strategies for demyelinating disorders.</p

Queensland Coral Fishery Scoping Study

The Queensland Ecological Risk Assessment Guideline (the Guideline) was released in March 2018 as part of the Queensland Sustainable Fisheries Strategy 2017–2027. This Guideline provides an overview of the strategy being employed to develop Ecological Risk Assessments (ERAs) for Queensland’s fisheries. In the Queensland Coral Fishery (QCF) ERA, a phased approach was adopted for the 2022 update. Under this approach, a Scoping Study was completed for the fishery and will be followed by a series of assessments examining the risk posed to by this fishery to key species. The Scoping Study establishes a baseline of information on the key characteristics of the QCF. It includes information on the broader management regime, key species, legislation, and gear restrictions, catch and effort trends and assessment history. Information contained in the QCF Scoping Study will be used to inform subsequent assessments including Phase 1 of the QCF ERA 2022 update

Queensland Coral Fishery Ecological Risk Assessment Update : Phase 1

The Queensland Coral Fishery (QCF) has been the subject of two previous risk assessments, the first in 2008 and an update in 2013. This report builds on these initial ERAs and establishes a more adaptive, staged approach to the assessment of risk. Under this strategy, risk profiles for species driving management reforms will be prioritised for assessment (Phase 1). These initial assessments will be built on through subsequent ERAs examining the risk posed to secondary and emerging priorities (Phase 2 & 3). In Phase 1 of the QCF ERA update (this Report), a Consequence & Likelihood Analysis (CLA) was used to examine the risk posed to 22 priority species. Under the CLA methodology, risk assessments consider two key components: 1) the extent of a consequence if a species were to experience an undesirable event and 2) the likelihood of the consequence occurring over the next 10 years. The CLA is a qualitative assessment method and assigns each species with an indicative risk rating of low, moderate, high or extreme. Of the 22 species assessed in Phase 1 of the QCF ERA, eight were classified as being at low risk of experiencing an undesirable event due to coral fishing activities. A further seven species were assigned a moderate (n = 3), high (n = 2) or extreme (n = 2) risk rating. Risk profile updates for the remaining seven species were deferred until the catch composition data improves. The CLA also identified several risk areas for this QCF including the risk of over-harvesting, limited information on species-specific rates of harvest and an absence of finer-scale output controls. These are being addressed as part of the Queensland Sustainable Fisheries Strategy 2017–2017 and in response to conditions outlined in the most recent WTO. Phase 1 of the QCF ERA update will be built on through subsequent assessments examining the risk posed to additional species and emerging priorities

Adaptations to mindfulness-based interventions for neurological impairment: the SMALL PROMPTS approach.

Purpose/Objective: Standardized mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), used for the management of physical and psychological symptoms associated with neurological impairment/injury (NI), have been problematized as lacking accessibility due to their focus on sensory presence and mindful walking. Research is needed to generate formalized recommendations regarding how MBIs may be best adapted to enhance their suitability for people with NI. Research Method/Design: A two-phase qualitative study was completed. First, semistructured interviews were undertaken with eight accredited mindfulness teachers with NI. Interviews reviewed the adaptations participants made in their personal and teaching practice, using thematic analysis, and generated recommendations for adaptations to MBIs specific to people with NI. Second, using the DELPHI method, the adapted practice recommendations were reviewed and revised via three rounds, following cognitive interviews with an expert panel (N = 5 trained mindfulness teachers with NI). Results: Ten core areas for adaptation are proposed and validated, acting as SMALL PROMPTS which can be used to adapt mindfulness-based teaching techniques to the specific requirements of people with NI: (a) Skin/bladder/bowel management; (b) mindful Movement; (c) Accessible training; (d) Language Leadership; (e) Permissive pRactice; (f) Optimizing timelines; (g) Management of posture; (h) inclusion of Pacing; (i) Teaching from experience; and (j) body Scanning. Conclusion/Implications: Mindfulness is a highly applicable approach for people with sensory loss, however significant, specific adaptations are required to improve inclusivity and accessibility. The SMALL PROMPTS adaptations increase the accessibility, applicability, and utility of MBIs for populations living with NI, enhancing effective management of physical and psychological wellbeing, and optimizing MBI delivery