3,999 research outputs found
Air-core photonic band-gap fibers: the impact of surface modes
We study the dispersion and leakage properties for the recently reported
low-loss photonic band-gap fiber by Smith et al. [Nature 424, 657 (2003)]. We
find that surface modes have a significant impact on both the dispersion and
leakage properties of the fundamental mode. Our dispersion results are in
qualitative agreement with the dispersion profile reported recently by Ouzounov
et al. [Science 301, 1702 (2003)] though our results suggest that the observed
long-wavelength anomalous dispersion is due to an avoided crossing (with
surface modes) rather than band-bending caused by the photonic band-gap
boundary of the cladding.Comment: 7 pages including 4 figures. Accepted for Optics Expres
Size-dependent nonlocal effects in plasmonic semiconductor particles
Localized surface plasmons (LSP) in semiconductor particles are expected to
exhibit spatial nonlocal response effects as the geometry enters the nanometer
scale. To investigate these nonlocal effects, we apply the hydrodynamic model
to nanospheres of two different semiconductor materials: intrinsic InSb and
-doped GaAs. Our results show that the semiconductors indeed display
nonlocal effects, and that these effects are even more pronounced than in
metals. In a InSb particle at , the LSP
frequency is blueshifted 35%, which is orders of magnitude larger than the
blueshift in a metal particle of the same size. This property, together with
their tunability, makes semiconductors a promising platform for experiments in
nonlocal effects.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, corrected typos in text and figure
Mode-Field Radius of Photonic Crystal Fibers Expressed by the V-parameter
We numerically calculate the equivalent mode-field radius of the fundamental
mode in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and show that this is a function of the
V-parameter only and not the relative hole size. This dependency is similar to
what is found for graded-index standard fibers and we furthermore show that the
relation for the PCF can be excellently approximated with the same general
mathematical expression. This is to our knowledge the first semi-analytical
description of the mode-field radius of a PCF.Comment: Accepted for Opt. Let
Modal cut-off and the V-parameter in photonic crystal fibers
We address the long-standing unresolved problem concerning the V-parameter in
a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Formulate the parameter appropriate for a
core-defect in a periodic structure we argue that the multi-mode cut-off occurs
at a wavelength lambda* which satisfies V_PCF(lambda*)=pi. Comparing to
numerics and recent cut-off calculations we confirm this result.Comment: 3 pages including 2 figures. Accepted for Optics Letter
Predicting macrobending loss for large-mode area photonic crystal fibers
We report on an easy-to-evaluate expression for the prediction of the
bend-loss for a large mode area photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a triangular
air-hole lattice. The expression is based on a recently proposed formulation of
the V-parameter for a PCF and contains no free parameters. The validity of the
expression is verified experimentally for varying fiber parameters as well as
bend radius. The typical deviation between the position of the measured and the
predicted bend loss edge is within measurement uncertainty.Comment: Accepted for Optics Expres
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris race 1 is the main causal agent of black rot of Brassicas in Southern Mozambique
Severe outbreaks of bacterial black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) were observed in Brassica production fields of Southern Mozambique. The causal agent of the disease in the Mahotas and Chòkwé districts was identified and characterised. In total, 83 Xanthomonas-like strains were isolated from seed samples and leaves of cabbage and tronchuda cole with typical symptoms of the disease. Forty-six out of the 83 strains were found to be putative Xcc in at least one of the tests used: Classical biochemical assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies, Biolog identification system, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers and pathogenicity tests. The ELISA tests were positive for 43 strains. Biolog identified 43 strains as Xanthomonas, but only 32 as Xcc. PCR tests with primers targeting a fragment of the hrpF gene were positive for all 46 strains tested. Three strains were not pathogenic or weakly pathogenic and all other strains caused typical black rot symptoms in brassicas. Race type differentiation tests revealed the Xcc strains from Mozambique as members of race 1. The prevalence of this pathogenic race of the Xcc pathogen in Mozambique should be considered when black rot resistant cultivars are evaluated or introduced into the production regions of this country
Low-loss photonic crystal fibers for transmission systems and their dispersion properties
We report on a single-mode photonic crystal fiber with attenuation and
effective area at 1550 nm of 0.48 dB/km and 130 square-micron, respectively.
This is, to our knowledge, the lowest loss reported for a PCF not made from VAD
prepared silica and at the same time the largest effective area for a low-loss
(< 1 dB/km) PCF. We briefly discuss the future applications of PCFs for data
transmission and show for the first time, both numerically and experimentally,
how the group velocity dispersion is related to the mode field diameterComment: 5 pages including 3 figures + 1 table. Accepted for Opt. Expres
Improved large-mode area endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibers
We numerically study the possibilities for improved large-mode area endlessly
single mode photonic crystal fibers for use in high-power delivery
applications. By carefully choosing the optimal hole diameter we find that a
triangular core formed by three missing neighboring air holes considerably
improves the mode area and loss properties compared to the case with a core
formed by one missing air hole. In a realized fiber we demonstrate an
enhancement of the mode area by ~30 % without a corresponding increase in the
attenuation.Comment: 3 pages including 3 eps-figures. Accepted for Optics Letter
Photonic crystal fiber with a hybrid honeycomb cladding
We consider an air-silica honeycomb lattice and demonstrate a new approach to
the formation of a core defect. Typically, a high or low-index core is formed
by adding a high-index region or an additional air-hole (or other low-index
material) to the lattice, but here we discuss how a core defect can be formed
by manipulating the cladding region rather than the core region itself.
Germanium-doping of the honeycomb lattice has recently been suggested for the
formation of a photonic band-gap guiding silica-core and here we experimentally
demonstrate how an index-guiding silica-core can be formed by fluorine-doping
of the honeycomb lattice.Comment: 5 pages including 3 figures. Accepted for Optics Expres
Observation of Three-dimensional Long-range Order in Smaller Ion Coulomb Crystals in an rf Trap
Three-dimensional long-range ordered structures in smaller and
near-spherically symmetric Coulomb crystals of ^{40}Ca^+ ions confined in a
linear rf Paul trap have been observed when the number of ions exceeds ~1000
ions. This result is unexpected from ground state molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations, but found to be in agreement with MD simulations of metastable ion
configurations. Previously, three-dimensional long-range ordered structures
have only been reported in Penning traps in systems of ~50,000 ions or more.Comment: 5 pages; 4 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett.; changed content
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