Global Examination of the 12^{12}C+12^{12}C Reaction Data at Low and Intermediate Energies

We examine the $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C elastic scattering over a wide energy range from 32.0 to 70.7 MeV in the laboratory system within the framework of the Optical model and the Coupled-Channels formalism. The $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C system has been extensively studied within and over this energy range in the past. These efforts have been futile in determining the shape of the nuclear potential in the low energy region and in describing the individual angular distributions, single-angle 50$^{0}$ to 90$^{0}$ excitation functions and reaction cross-section data simultaneously. In order to address these problems systematically, we propose a potential that belongs to a family other than the one used to describe higher energy experimental data and show that it is possible to use it over this wide energy range. This potential also predicts the resonances at correct energies with reasonable widths.Comment: 30 pages with 13 eps figues and 3 tables, LaTeX-Revtex

Refractive elastic scattering of carbon and oxygen nuclei: The mean field analysis and Airy structures

The experimental data on the $^{16}$O$+^{12}$C and $^{18}$O$+^{12}$C elastic scatterings and their optical model analysis are presented. Detailed and complete elastic angular distributions have been measured at the Strasbourg Vivitron accelerator at several energies covering the energy range between 5 and 10 MeV per nucleon. The elastic scattering angular distributions show the usual diffraction pattern and also, at larger angles, refractive effects in the form of nuclear rainbow and associated Airy structures. The optical model analysis unambiguously shows the evolution of the refractive scattering pattern. The observed structure, namely the Airy minima, can be consistently described by a nucleus-nucleus potential with a deep real part and a weakly absorptive imaginary part. The difference in absorption in the two systems is explained by an increased imaginary (mostly surface) part of the potential in the $^{18}$O$+^{12}$C system. The relation between the obtained potentials and those reported for the symmetrical $^{16}$O$+^{16}$O and $^{12}$C$+^{12}$C systems is drawn.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Phys. rev. C in pres

Mammary tuberculosis – importance of recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While tuberculosis of the breast is an extremely uncommon entity seen in western populations, it accounts for up to 3% of all treatable breast lesions in developing countries.</p> <p>Case presentations</p> <p>We reviewed three female cases of mammary tuberculosis that were diagnosed and treated in Turkey during the same calendar year. All three patients presented with a painful breast mass. In all cases, fine needle aspiration was nondiagnostic for mammary tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of mammary tuberculosis was confirmed by histopathologic evaluation at the time of open surgical biopsy. All three patients were treated with antituberculous therapy for six months. At the end of the treatment period, each patient appeared to be clinically and radiologically without evidence of residual disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The diagnosis of mammary tuberculosis rests on the appropriate clinical suspicion and the histopathologic findings of the breast lesion. Its recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy is absolutely necessary. Antituberculous chemotherapy, initiated immediately upon diagnosis, forms the mainstay of treatment for mammary tuberculosis.</p

Production and use of 6He, 7Be, 8Li, 12B and metastable nuclear beams

A low energy (few MeV/nucleon), modest flux (104-107/s) radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) facility has been in operation for approximately three years at the University of Notre Dame Van de Graaff accelerator. This facility utilizes a compact superconducting solenoid lens, designed at the University of Michigan, with adjustable apertures to produce momentum-analyzed secondary beams via the direct transfer and other methods. Useable beams of 6He, 7Be, 8Li, 12B, 18F and to our knowledge the first isomeric beam, 18mF, have been produced and a first generation of RNB experiments has been successfully completed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29368/1/0000438.pd

Fusion and Binary-Decay Mechanisms in the 35^{35}Cl+24^{24}Mg System at E/A ≈\approx 8 MeV/Nucleon

Compound-nucleus fusion and binary-reaction mechanisms have been investigated for the $^{35}$Cl+$^{24}$Mg system at an incident beam energy of E$_{Lab}$= 282 MeV. Charge distributions, inclusive energy spectra, and angular distributions have been obtained for the evaporation residues and the binary fragments. Angle-integrated cross sections have been determined for evaporation residues from both the complete and incomplete fusion mechanisms. Energy spectra for binary fragment channels near to the entrance-channel mass partition are characterized by an inelastic contribution that is in addition to a fully energy damped component. The fully damped component which is observed in all the binary mass channels can be associated with decay times that are comparable to, or longer than the rotation period. The observed mass-dependent cross sections for the fully damped component are well reproduced by the fission transition-state model, suggesting a fusion followed by fission origin. The present data cannot, however, rule out the possibility that a long-lived orbiting mechanism accounts for part or all of this yield.Comment: 41 pages standard REVTeX file, 14 Figures available upon request -

Comparison of water quality status between two different types of river: a case study of Kemasin River and Pengkalan Chepa River

Water quality refers to the physical, chemical and biological status of the water body. Water quality Kemasin River (KR) affected by active agricultural activities while the Pengkalan Chepa River (PCR) is influenced by urban development and accommodation of crowded with heavy population since it is situated in the urban area. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of water quality of KR and PCR as well as to determine the relationship status of water quality parameters between KR and PCR. In addition, this study was to classify current status water quality for KR and PCR based on the Water Quality Index (WQI). Sampling was carried out for a month on January 2014. For each sampling activities, water sample collections were done twice. Three sampling locations along the KR and PCR were selected as sampling stations. For KR sampling station consists of Kg.Bangu (Station 1), Pengkalan Cina (Station 2) and Pengkalan Petah (Station 3). For PCR the sampling stations consists of Sg.Keladi (Station 1), Kg. Baung (Station 2) and Kg.Pulau Panjang (Station 3). Six water quality parameters: Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Suspended Solids (TTS) and pH were analyzed based on insitu and ex-situ analysis. Statistical analysis of independent t -test indicated that there were significant differences of BOD, NH3-N, TSS and pH between KR and PCR. The results of water quality indicated that most of the water quality parameters higher at PCR compared to KR. Currently WQI status for KR (65.48) was found better than the PCR (44.71). WQI of KR was categories under class III while PCR was categories under class IV that considered slightly polluted. The water quality status of KR was affected due to active agricultural activities throughout the year and for PCR was polluted due to land use activities from urban and industrial areas. In a conclusion, the water quality of KR and PCR should be monitored extensively by the authorities and pollution control and effective management of the river should be implemented with the cooperation of the public and local authorities