Adapting Against Assimilation: Recovering Anishinaabe Student Writings in Carlisle Indian School Periodicals, 1904 –1918

Carlisle Indian School was a federal boarding school in Pennsylvania which operated between 1879-1918 aiming to strip Native American youth of their indigenous culture and assimilate them with Anglo-American society. To promote this work and attract sponsors, Carlisle authorities published periodicals which occasionally featured essays and stories authored by its students. Between 1904-1918, 94 articles written by students of the Anishinaabe nation were published. Within these, student-authors adapted the propagandist platform to proudly display their cross-cultural identities. Students undermined Carlisle’s agenda by demonstrating that their culture was not vanishing but had continued to adapt to new cultural contexts

Teachers’ Perceptions of Professional Learning Communities as Opportunities For Promoting Professional Growth

Teachers are the focal point for institutionalizing sustainable educational reform. The pivotal point of educational reform revolves around the opportunities for professional growth of teachers. For many schools, the implementation of professional learning communities is serving as the road map for creating opportunities for effective professional growth. This qualitative study was designed to investigate teachers’ perceptions of professional learning communities as opportunities for substantiated ongoing and effective professional growth. The study’s methodology applied the use of focus groups, individual interviews, and participant observations. The findings endorsed that the teachers involved in this study did perceive professional learning communities as a framework and foundation for promoting and sustaining ongoing, effective professional growth

Effects of shaded versus unshaded wallows on behavior, performance, and physiology of the outdoor lactating sow

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of shading wallows during the summer months on lactating sow behavior, performance, and physiology. A total of 128 sows were used during warm weather (May to August 2001) to determine the effects of unshaded (control; n = 8) vs. shaded (SH; n = 8) wallows. Sows ranged over 6 parities and were fed a completely balanced sorghum-based diet. Behavioral data were collected by 15-min scan samples over a 24-h period/wk for a total of 16 wk. All sows were observed twice when litter age was 5 and 15 d, respectively. Respiration rates (breaths/min) were collected on 50 sows (control, n = 25; SH, n = 25) over an 8-wk period when the maximum temperature exceeded 32°C. Ten milliliters of clotted blood and 20 mL of whole blood were obtained by jugular puncture from each sow on the day of weaning to determine total white blood cells, acute phase proteins, packed-cell volume, and chemotaxis and chemokinesis. Descriptive water temperature profiles were measured by using data loggers positioned at 3 levels per wallow: surface water, shallow mud, and deep mud. Behavioral, postural, location, performance, and physiological measurements did not differ (P \u3e 0.05) among wallow treatments. Regardless of treatment, sows spent approximately 82% of their total time budget inside the farrowing hut and only approximately 7% of their total time budget in the wallow. A total of 428 piglets died, 219 in the control treatment and 209 in the SH treatment. The majority of piglets in both treatments died of crushing within the first 72 h after parturition, and most of the piglets had suckled. Shade kept the shallow water profile cooler during the hotter afternoon temperatures compared with the control wallows. In SH for both the shallow and deep mud profiles, temperatures were consistent throughout the day. In conclusion, sows spent a large percentage of their daily time budget inside the farrowing hut and spent only brief episodes in the wallow. Shading the wallow did not result in increased wallow use time or improvements in sow physiology and overall performance

Preweaning mortality in loose-housed lactating sows: Behavioral and performance differences between sows who crush or do not crush piglets

The majority of piglet deaths occur within the first 72 h after parturition, with crushing by the sow as the most common cause of preweaning mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the behavior and performance of sows that killed piglets (CR) to those that did not (NC) inside a farrowing hut within the first 72 h after parturition. A total of 336 sows and their litters were used for comparisons. CR sows had more (P \u3c 0.01) piglets born/litter and born alive/litter than NC sows. Mortality was higher (P \u3c 0.01) for CR sows, with most piglet mortality in the first 72 h and there was a trend (P = 0.06) for CR sows to wean fewer piglets/litter than NC sows (7.8 ± 0.20 versus 8.4 ± 0.26), respectively. Behaviors were collected by time-lapse video on 20 sows, 10 from each group. Four sow postures: walking, standing, sitting and lying; four sow behaviors: pawing, rooting, nursing interval and nursing duration; and one sow location: out of hut were recorded. NC sows had a longer (P = 0.03) parturition compared to CR sows. Time (min) spent outside the farrowing hut did not differ between groups over the first 2 days, but on day 3 NC sows spent more (P = 0.01) time outside of the farrowing hut (20.2 ± 4.7) compared to CR sows (40.4 ± 4.8). NC sows spent more time pawing (P \u3c 0.01) than CR sows (5.2 ± 0.41 min versus 1.7 ± 0.38 min) but no differences were found for all other behaviors (P \u3e 0.05). There were no (P \u3e 0.05) group differences for sow lying postures. One hour prior to piglet mortality 62.5% of CR sows moved from lying sternal to lying lateral, 25% moved from lying lateral to lying sternal and 12.5% of CR sows went from standing to lying lateral. In conclusion, CR sows spent more time inside the farrowing hut on day 3, spent more time lying on their sternum prior to crushing a piglet and the behavioral sequence associated with crushing piglets was a shift in lying postures rather than a transition from sitting or standing to lying

Salmonella prevalence in pigs reared on farms with and without antimicrobials

A convenience sample of farms using antimicrobials (antimicrobial-using, AMU) post-weaning for therapy and/or growth promotion (n=21) were contrasted to a convenience sample of farms not using antimicrobials post-weaning (antimicrobial-free, AMF, n=21) distributed across three US geographic areas

Variation in the management of elderly patients in two neighboring breast units is due to preferences and attitudes of health professionals

Introduction: Elderly breast cancer patients have been shown to be managed less aggressively than younger patients. There is evidence that their management varies between institutions. We audited the management of elderly patients in two neighboring units in Glasgow and aimed to identify reasons for any differences in practice found. Methods: Patients aged ≥70 years, who were managed for a new diagnosis of breast cancer in the two units between 2009 and 2013, were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Tumor pathology, treatment details, postcode and consultant in charge of care were obtained from the same database. Comorbidities were obtained from each patient’s electronic clinical record. Questionnaires were distributed to members of each multidisciplinary teams. Results: 487 elderly patients in Unit 1 and 467 in Unit 2 were identified. 76.2% patients in Unit 1 were managed surgically compared to 63.7% in Unit 2 (p<0.0001). There was no difference between the two units in patient age, tumor pathology, deprivation or comorbidity. 16.2% patients managed surgically in Unit 1 had a comorbidity score of 6 and above compared to 11% of surgically managed patients in Unit 2 (p=0.036). Responses to questionnaires suggested that staff at Unit 1 were more confident of the safety of general anesthetic in elderly patients and were more willing to consider local anesthetic procedures. Conclusion: A higher proportion of patients aged >70 years with breast cancer were managed surgically in Unit 1 compared to Unit 2. Reasons for variation in practice seem to be related to attitudes of medical professionals toward surgery in the elderly, rather than patient or pathological factors

Campylobacter Prevalence and Diversity in Antimicrobial Free and Conventionally Reared Market Swine

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. among pigs raised antimicrobial free (ABF) and those raised conventionally. Bacterial isolation was done on-farm and at slaughter using conventional methods and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done for 12 antimicrobials using Kirby-Bauer and epsilometric test (E-test) methods. All 14 herds were positive for Campylobacter. On-farm prevalence among ABF herds was 71% and 81% among conventional herd. In contrast, the prevalence among carcass swabs was higher among ABF herds than conventional herds with 60% and 29% respectively. There was significant reduction after chilling in all groups (p\u3c0.05). On-farm frequency of antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher among isolates from conventional herds than ABF (p\u3c0.05). In contrast frequency of resistance to five of the seven antimicrobials was higher among carcass swabs of ABF herds than conventional herds

Campylobacter prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in swine reared in antimicrobial-free and conventional production systems

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species in swine reared in the conventional and antimicrobial free production (ABF) production systems as part of a multi-state study. To date, 19 conventional and 16 ABF groups have been followed

Facing Real-World Challenges of Immunogenicity in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The advent of biological therapies drastically altered the landscape of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment, making long-term steroid-free remission possible for thousands of patients living with this chronic inflammatory condition that compromises the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Unfortunately, up to 65% of patients with IBD develop anti-drug antibodies to biologics (1). This is especially problematic for pediatrics, where treatment options are substantially more limited than for adult patients. Currently, only two biologics have approval from the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pediatric indications in IBD, anti-TNF-α agents infliximab (IFX), and adalimumab (ADM). The fear of losing these two agents to immunogenicity is very real for the providers and the families of the ~70,000 children affected by IBD in the U.S. (2)

A cultural models approach to osteoporosis prevention and treatment

This article identifies cultural models of osteoporosis, as shared by community-dwelling older women in southeastern Australia, and compares these with cultural knowledge conveyed through social marketing. Cultural models are mental constructs about specific domains in everyday life, such as health and illness, which are shared within a community. We applied domain analyses to data obtained from in-depth interviews and stakeholder-identified print materials. The response domains identified from our case studies made up the shared cultural model &ldquo;Osteoporosis has low salience,&rdquo; particularly when ranked against other threats to health. The cultural knowledge reflected in the print materials supported a cultural model of low salience. Cultural cues embedded in social marketing messages on osteoporosis may be internalized and motivating in unintended ways. Identifying and understanding cultural models of osteoporosis within a community may provide valuable insights to inform the development of targeted health messages.<br /