Understanding Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Bone Scan Results and Treatments

Patients come into the St. Albans NOTCH primary care office for a follow-up to their DEXA scan to learn about what their results mean and discuss any questions/concerns. This brochure will help to standardize the information presented by providers about the results.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1459/thumbnail.jp

Cheese Makers are Always Women: Gendered Representations of Farm Life in the Agricultural Press

Drawing upon the 'Farmlife' pages of Farmer's Weekly, the most significant farming publication in the UK, this paper assesses the ways in which gender identities in farming are represented by its text and images. Lead articles from 1976 and 1996 issues of Farmlife are taken as the research focus to determine how representations have altered in line with restructuring of the agricultural industry. Reference is made to Connell's (1987) notions of hegemonic masculinity and emphasised femininity to inform the analysis about the ways in which these gender identities are (re)produced through the British farming media. A simple typology is derived from the articles which assists in revealing a remarkable degree of consistency in the portrayal of gender identities over time. The findings augment evidence from international research suggesting that dominant gender identities within agriculture are being perpetuated through the farming media. The implications of this are highlighted and suggestions made for research with the consumers of these media products

Half-time and high-speed running in the second half of soccer

This study investigated if the quantity of high-speed running (movements >15 km.h-1) completed in the first 15 minutes of competitive football matches differed from that completed in the corresponding 15 minutes of the second half. Twenty semi-professional soccer players (age 21.2 ± 3.6 years, body mass 76.4 ± 3.8 kg, height 1.89 ± 0.05 m) participated in the study. Fifty competitive soccer matches and 192 data files were analysed (4 ± 2 files per match) using Global Positioning Satellite technology. Data were analysed using 2-way repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations. No differences were found between the first 15 min of each half for the distance completed at high-speed (>15 km.h-1) or sprinting (>21 km.h-1), or in the number of sprints undertaken (p>0.05). However, total distance covered was shorter (1st half vs. 2nd half: 1746 ± 220 vs. 1644 ± 224 m; p<0.001) and mean speed lower (1st half vs. 2nd half: 7.0 ± 0.9 vs. 6.6 ± 0.9 km.h-1; p<0.001) in the first 15 min of the second half compared to the first. The correlations between the duration of the half-time interval and the difference in the high-speed running or sprinting between first and second halves (0-15 min) were very small (r=0.08 [p=0.25] and r=0.04 [p=0.61] respectively). Therefore, this study did not find any difference between the amount of high-speed running and sprinting completed by semi-professional soccer players when the first 15 minutes of the first and second half of competitive matches were compared The maintenance of high-speed running and sprinting, as total distance and mean speed declined, may be a function of the pacing strategies adopted by players in competitive matches

Thermodynamically stable lithium silicides and germanides from density-functional theory calculations

Density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations have been performed on the Li-Si and Li-Ge systems. Lithiated Si and Ge, including their metastable phases, play an important technological r\^ole as Li-ion battery (LIB) anodes. The calculations comprise structural optimisations on crystal structures obtained by swapping atomic species to Li-Si and Li-Ge from the X-Y structures in the International Crystal Structure Database, where X={Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs} and Y={Si,Ge,Sn,Pb}. To complement this at various Li-Si and Li-Ge stoichiometries, ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS) was also performed. Between the ground-state stoichiometries, including the recently found Li$_{17}$Si$_{4}$ phase, the average voltages were calculated, indicating that germanium may be a safer alternative to silicon anodes in LIB, due to its higher lithium insertion voltage. Calculations predict high-density Li$_1$Si$_1$ and Li$_1$Ge$_1$ $P4/mmm$ layered phases which become the ground state above 2.5 and 5 GPa respectively and reveal silicon and germanium's propensity to form dumbbells in the Li$_x$Si, $x=2.33-3.25$ stoichiometry range. DFT predicts the stability of the Li$_{11}$Ge$_6$ $Cmmm$, Li$_{12}$Ge$_7$ $Pnma$ and Li$_7$Ge$_3$ $P32_12$ phases and several new Li-Ge compounds, with stoichiometries Li$_5$Ge$_2$, Li$_{13}$Ge$_5$, Li$_8$Ge$_3$ and Li$_{13}$Ge$_4$.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

On non-Hamiltonian circulant digraphs of outdegree three

We construct infinitely many connected, circulant digraphs of outdegree three that have no hamiltonian circuit. All of our examples have an even number of vertices, and our examples are of two types: either every vertex in the digraph is adjacent to two diametrically opposite vertices, or every vertex is adjacent to the vertex diametrically opposite to itself

Some effects of small-scale metallicity variations in cooling flows

In an attempt to reconcile recent spectral data with predictions of the standard cooling flow model, it has been suggested that the metals in the intracluster medium (ICM) might be distributed inhomogeneously on small scales. We investigate the possible consequences of such a situation within the framework of the cooling flow scenario. Using the standard isobaric cooling flow model, we study the ability of such metallicity variations to preferentially suppress low-temperature line emission in cooling flow spectra. We then use simple numerical simulations to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the ICM when the metals are distributed in such a fashion. Simulated observations are used to study the constraints real data can place on conditions in the ICM. The difficulty of ruling out abundance variations on small spatial scales with current observational limits is emphasized. We find that a bimodal distribution of metals may give rise to interesting effects in the observed abundance profile, in that apparent abundance gradients with central abundance drops and off-centre peaks, similar to those seen recently in some clusters, are produced. Different elements behave in different fashion as governed by the temperature dependence of their equivalent widths. Our overall conclusion is that, whilst this process alone seems unlikely to be able to account for the sharp reduction in low temperature emission lines seen in current spectral data, a contribution at some level is possible and difficult to rule out. The possibility of small-scale metallicity variations should be considered when analysing high resolution cluster X-ray spectra.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

A heat acclimation protocol for team sports

Background: It is well documented that heat acclimation of 6 or more sessions of at least 60 min duration prolongs the time to exhaustion during endurance walking, cycling and running in the heat. However, this type of acclimation is not specific to team sport activity and the effect of acclimation on prolonged high intensity intermittent running has not yet been investigated. Objective: To assess the impact of an intermittent acclimation protocol on distance run during team sport activity. Methods: The impact of 4 short heat acclimation sessions (30 – 45 min of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test; LIST) on high-intensity intermittent running capacity (LIST) in the heat (30oC, 27% RH), was examined. Seventeen female welltrained games players were split into 3 groups; an acclimation group (30oC, 24% RH), a moderate training group (18oC, 41% RH), and a control group who did not complete any training between the main trials (pre- and post-acclimation). The pre- (A) and post-acclimation (B) trials were separated by 28 days to control for menstrual phase and verified using hormonal analysis. The 4 acclimation or moderate training sessions utilising the LIST were completed with one or two rest days interspersed between each session in a 10-day period prior to the post-acclimation trial (B). Results: In the post-acclimation trial distance run was increased by 33% in the acclimation group (A: 7703 ± 1401 vs B: 10215 ± 1746m; interaction group x trial P<0.05), but was unchanged in the moderate and control groups. The acclimation group had a lower rectal temperature (interaction group x trial x time P<0.01) due to a lower rate of rise, and an increase in thermal comfort [1] after acclimation (End A: 7 ± 2 vs 6 ± 2; interaction group x trial P<0.01). There was no difference in serum 3 progesterone, aldosterone or cortisol concentrations following acclimation or between groups. Conclusion: Four 30-45 min sessions of intermittent exercise induced acclimation, and resulted in an improvement in intermittent running exercise capacity in female games players. A lower rectal temperature and a concomitant rise in thermal comfort may be partly responsible for the improvement in exercise capacity