Александр Богданович Фохт ― основоположник клинико-экспериментального направления в медицине (к 170-летию со дня рождения)

The review is dedicated to the investigation of the role of A.B. Fokht, who was one of the most famous scientist, teacher and doctor during the period of the development of clinical oriented approach pathophysiology. The article examines new vectors in clinical medicine development of the second half of the 19th century. It is pointed out in the article that Russian scientists of that time instead of aiming at history rewriting or repeating the traditions of the West-European science finally formed their own rational ideas and tried to provide unique scientific research. What is more, the article contains biographical information about Fokht’s family, his teachers and colleagues. The article describes the main principles of Fokht’s scientific school, which became the most remarkable in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century, and also achievements of his followers, who had been working in the largest laboratories and chairs of Great Britain, the USA, Poland etc. Moreover the article contains information about the influence which the results of Fokht’s research had on recognition of Russian independent medical science worldwide. The article emphasizes the Fokht’s political and civil position against the educational and scientific reforms, which had been conducted by the Russian government in the beginning of the 20th century. Finally, the article describes Fokht’s personality and his activities in other spheres.Обоснована роль Александра Богдановича Фохта ― крупного ученого, педагога и врача ― в становлении клинико-экспериментального направления в медицине, ставшего ядром формирования патофизиологии как клинико-ориентированной научной специальности и учебной дисциплины. Описаны векторы развития клинической медицины второй половины XIX в., важным аспектом которых было не только стремление российских лидеров медицины к созданию, но и следование новым идеям, сохраняя при этом самостоятельность и оригинальность научных направлений, развиваемых в России. Приведены ранее неизвестные биографические сведения о семье А.Б. Фохта, его учителях и соратниках. Проанализированы основные этапы и результаты деятельности научной школы А.Б. Фохта, ставшей крупнейшей в России в начале XX в., достижения его учеников, работавших в ведущих лабораториях и на кафедрах медицинских вузов в Великобритании, США, Польше и других стран. Приведены факты, характеризующие А.Б. Фохта как выдающегося педагога, ученого и клинициста. Представлено влияние научных трудов А.Б. Фохта на признание самобытности российской медицины. Показана высокая гражданская позиция ученого и его противодействие реформам вобразовании и науке в начале ХХ в., проводимым правительством Российской империи. Освещены многогранность его талантливой личности и деятельность вне медицины

Determination of the level of biological inflammation markers in patients with anorectal malformations and malformations of the urinary system

Aim of the study. To conduct research of the maintenance of cytokines in the serum of blood and urine for children with anorectal malformations in the dynamics of chronic pyelonephritis. Methods. Determined repertoire of the main pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in urine (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1RA) by the ELISA method in 3 points of research: at arrival of the patient in a hospital, prior to antibacterial therapy, in 5-7 days from the beginning of a course of treatment and in 1,5 months after treatment. 54 children with chronic pyelonephritis were examined: 40 patients who had a combination of congenital defects of an urinary system to defects of anorectal area (1 group) and 14 children - without anorectal of defects (the 2nd group). Average age of patients were 4,5±3,6 years old. The group of comparison was made by 20 children with small surgical pathology (umbilical or inguinal hernia) in the preoperative period stratified on age and sex. Results: In the 1st group the reliable increase in concentration of IL- (p<0,007), IL-6 (p<0,003), IL-8 (p<0,003), TNFα (p<0,003) in all three points concerning group of comparison was registered. In the 3rd point of IL-1β (p<0,003), IL-6 (p<0,003), IL-8 (p<0,003) and TNFα (p<0,002) in urine reached the maximum result. In the 2nd group increase of the IL-8 level (p<0,005) concerning group of comparison is noted. The maintenance of TNFα in urine in the 3rd point was much higher, than in the 1st and the 2nd points. Concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 in children’s urine of the 1st group was authentically above indicators of the 2nd group. Conclusion. Monitoring of cytokines in urine is a perspective noninvasive method of an assessment of inflammatory process of an uric path at children with anorectal malformation

Causative agents of urinary tracts infection in children with obstructive uropathy

167 children with different variants of congenital obstructions of urinary tracts were examined; the causative agents of urinary tracts infections were analyzed in all the cases. The changes of the cytokines levels were determined in those patients which had the more often found causative agents in the analyses. It was mentioned that of the total patients with obstructive uropathy (OU) the fifth part in the absence of bacteriuria had a pathogen in biopsy material (BM) of urinary tracts. In fourth part of cases microorganisms that were detected in BM and urine did not matched. The changes of cytokines levels in urine did not have any species-specific dependence on causative agen

Интегрированная система подготовки научных медицинских кадров Сеченовского Университета

Background: The article describes the issue of theoretical proof and experimental testing of the developed approach to optimization of fostering young generations of scientists and optimizing their individual career path. Aims: The aim of the article was to analyze the efficacy of the program of integration of high school students of medical school classes into the global system of training of young scientists. Materials and methods: The general scientific methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, field experiment and social research, which included survey conduction, education and control testing of high school students of medical preprofessional classes. Results: Authors revealed the efficacy of implemented model of organization of educational process, which was based on the integration of high school students of medical classes into the global system of researchers training and which created a specialized environment for rapid individual professional development. Conclusions: The conducted research proved the efficacy of the personalized approach to gradual teaching of basic research competencies.Обоснование. Работа посвящена теоретическому обоснованию и экспериментальной проверке эффективности единой системы подготовки научных медицинских кадров и оптимизации их индивидуальной траектории профессионального роста. Система основана на поэтапном формировании базовых научно-исследовательских компетенций у обучающихся медицинских предпрофессиональных классов, потенциальных студентов Сеченовского Университета. Цель исследования ― проанализировать эффективность единой системы подготовки научных медицинских кадров на основе технологии включения обучающихся предпрофессиональных классов в замкнутый цикл (школауниверситетнаучно-исследовательская лаборатория), разработанный в Сеченовском Университете. Методы. Применялись универсальные научные методы ― анализ и синтез, полевые и социологические исследования, которые включали анкетирование, обучение, наблюдение и контрольное тестирование старшеклассников медицинских предпрофессиональных классов. Результаты. В ходе исследования выявлена высокая эффективность модели организации образовательного процесса с интеграцией обучающихся медицинских предпрофессиональных классов в единую систему подготовки научных кадров Сеченовского Университета и создания специализированной среды для ускоренного индивидуального профессионального роста. Заключение. Проведенное исследование подтвердило целесообразность использования технологии персонализированного подхода для поэтапного формирования базовых научно-исследовательских компетенций в интегрированной системе подготовки научных медицинских кадров

Fungal Planet description sheets : 320–370

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also described from Iris sp. (The Netherlands). Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Budhanggurabania from Cynodon dactylon (Australia), Soloacrosporiella, Xenocamarosporium, Neostrelitziana and Castanediella from Acacia mangium and Sabahriopsis from Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia), Readerielliopsis from basidiomata of Fuscoporia wahlbergii (French Guyana), Neoplatysporoides from Aloe ferox (Tanzania), Wojnowiciella, Chrysofolia and Neoeriomycopsis from Eucalyptus (Colombia), Neophaeomoniella from Eucalyptus globulus (USA), Pseudophaeomoniella from Olea europaea (Italy), Paraphaeomoniella from Encephalartos altensteinii, Aequabiliella, Celerioriella and Minutiella from Prunus (South Africa). Tephrocybella (Basidiomycetes) represents a novel genus from wood (Italy). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.Alina V. Alexandrova was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project N 14-50-00029). Ekaterina F. Malysheva, Olga V. Morozova, Alexander E. Kovalenko and Eugene S. Popov acknowledge financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 13-04-00838a and 15-04-04645a). Margarita Dueñas, María P. Martín and M. Teresa Telleria acknowledge financial support from the Plan Nacional I+D+I projects No. CGL2009-07231 and CGL2012-3559. Cony Decock gratefully acknowledges the financial support received from the FNRS / FRFC (convention FRFC 2.4544.10), the CNRS-French Guiana and the Nouragues staff, which enabled fieldwork in French Guiana, and the Belgian State – Belgian Federal Science Policy through the BCCMTM research programme.http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimjam201

Pathogenic basis and modern prospects in early diagnostics of nephrosclerosis in children with vesicoureteral reflux

The present article summarizes modern conceptions of tubulointerstitial fibrosis development mechanisms in children with vesicoureteral reflux. The review deals with the questions of extracellular matrix components accumulation and disintegration, tissue hypoxia, remodeling of blood flow, concentration changes in inflammation, sclerosis and angiogenesis biomarkers in the progress of nephrosclerosi

Особенности течения острого гематогенного остеомиелита у детей младшего возраста (RUS)

In this report presented an analysis of investigation of 152 children (at age from 3 years) with different forms of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, that were treated in clinics of pediatric surgery department of the Voroneg state medical academy N.N. Burdenco and Saratov state medical university in period 1995–2005