Economic prospects of innovative technologies of in vitro cultivation of seedlings

Purpose: The article discusses the economic prospects of innovative technologies for planting material of forest trees. The results of the development of an organizational model of business processes of growing forest seedlings are given and the stages of reproduction technology are described, its competitive advantages are revealed. Structure/Methodology/Approach: The use of innovative technologies in reforestation and afforestation in Russia remains insufficiently developed. Promising methods of reforestation is the use of seedlings grown by cloning. Findings: The duration and cost for each stage of the forest seedling technology were determined. The technology of clonal micropropagation includes a combination of techniques, the choice of a donor plant and the preparation of the source material of the species. Practical implications: It has been established that the development and introduction of technological innovations into practice requires financial support, due to the high cost of growing seedlings of woody plants. The developed organizational model of the process of clonal micropropagation can be used in organizing the production of seedlings of woody plants in forest seed breeding centers. Originality/Value: The development of clonal breeding technologies for modern breeding and seed centers is promising, however, there are a few difficulties that impede the successful development of production and reduce the economic efficiency ofreforestation activities.peer-reviewe

State stimulation of development of small entrepreneurship in developing countries

Purpose – This article offers a hypothesis that small business cannot activate in developing countries without state stimulation, as distortion of market mechanism does not allow creating necessary competitive environment and eliminating incoming barriers. The purpose of the article is to verify this hypothesis, determine perspective, and develop recommendations for state stimulation of development of small entrepreneurship in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – As methods of conduct of scientific research, this work uses the method of systemic, problem, comparative, and structural & functional analysis, as well as method of modeling and formalization. Findings – The authors determine specifics and role of small entrepreneurship in developing countries. The work views practice of state regulation of development of small entrepreneurship in developing countries, which allowed determining positive and negative aspects of such management and barriers for development of small business. Originality/value – The largest scientific novelty and value belongs to the developed proprietary model and recommendations for stimulation of development of small entrepreneurship in developing countries.peer-reviewe

Export potential and measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises

The article presents the results of the study and the comparative analysis of the development of SMEs in the EU and RF countries. The estimation of SMEs' entrepreneurial confidence in the sphere of industrial production is given. Existing incentive mechanisms for export-oriented SMEs in the EU are considered. It is determined that support for export-oriented SMEs in Russia is aimed at overcoming export barriers, increasing the activity and the competitiveness of the exporting enterprises. It has been established that the mechanism of financial support for export-oriented SMEs and the shift from direct export support to support export-oriented production, including the development of system of concessional loans for the development of export production, similar to the EU need to be changed. This allows producers to reasonably approach their financial capabilities and effectively build export planning. Priority is targeted support for specific industrial enterprises from among SMEs having experience of export and differing in a significant level of entrepreneurial confidence.peer-reviewe

Deformation factors of the entrepreneurship development in the industry segments of the economy of the Russian Federation

The article identifies the reasons for deformation of small business in the timber sector of the economy in the cross-section of three groups - social, ecological and economical (lack of financial resources, imperfect government regulation; high tax burden). The evidence for such factors is seen in the increase of shadow volumes of timber flow, decrease in the quality and volumes of forest recreating activities and forest protection, decrease in tax revenues and payments, decrease in business and innovation activity in the sector. Stable business performance in the wood sector depends on the economic, ecological and social factors. It is proven, that decreases in the scale of business deformation in the timber sector is possible, via forming a differentiated government policy to support entrepreneurship and organizational-economical tools.peer-reviewe

Economic aspects of organizing high-technology resource saving production in the forest sector of Russia

Purpose: The article aims at assessing the possibility of organizing high-tech production in the Russian forest industry. Structure/Methodology/Approach: To switch to high-tech and resource-saving technologies in the production of sleepers, it is necessary to assess the influence of a few factors: the cost of production of innovative products, the demand for innovative products, the lifetime of innovative products. To assess the demand, we have used an expert survey. Results: The cost of producing railroad sleepers from modified wood has been established. The use of cheaper softwood wood as raw material (birch, aspen, alder, poplar, etc.) which makes it possible to reduce the cost of production of the sleepers is a competitive advantage of the innovative technology. Practical implications: It has been established that in the future we should expect an increase in demand for the sleepers made of modified wood, especially in the European part of Russia. Originality/Value. The main contribution of this study is the rationale for the transition to the concept of environmental savings in the Russian forest industry. The use of modified wood in the production of sleepers is economically viable and can be an alternative when diversifying production.peer-reviewe