4 research outputs found
Folate-Targeted Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Nanoprobe Ratiometry for Detection of Microscopic Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian
cancer has a unique pattern of metastatic spread, in that
it initially spreads locally within the peritoneal cavity. This is
in contrast to most other cancer types, which metastasize early on <i>via</i> the bloodstream to distant sites. This unique behavior
opens up an opportunity for local application of both therapeutic
and imaging agents. Upon initial diagnosis, 75% of patients already
present with diffuse peritoneal spread involving abdominal organs.
Complete resection of all tumor implants has been shown to be a major
factor for improved survival. Unfortunately, it is currently not possible
for surgeons to visualize microscopic implants, impeding their removal
and leading to tumor recurrences and poor outcomes in most patients.
Thus, there is a great need for new intraoperative imaging techniques
that can overcome this hurdle. We devised a method that employs folate
receptor (FR)-targeted surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering
(SERRS) nanoparticles (NPs), as folate receptors are typically overexpressed
in ovarian cancer. We report a robust ratiometric imaging approach
using anti-FR-SERRS-NPs (αFR-NPs) and nontargeted SERRS-NPs
(nt-NPs) multiplexing. We term this method “topically applied
surface-enhanced resonance Raman ratiometric spectroscopy”
(TAS3RS (“tasers”) for short). TAS3RS successfully enabled
the detection of tumor lesions in a murine model of human ovarian
adenocarcinoma regardless of their size or localization. Tumors as
small as 370 μm were detected, as confirmed by bioluminescence
imaging and histological staining. TAS3RS holds promise for intraoperative
detection of microscopic residual tumors and could reduce recurrence
rates in ovarian cancer and other diseases with peritoneal spread
Dynamic Magnetic Fields Remote-Control Apoptosis <i>via</i> Nanoparticle Rotation
The ability to control the movement of nanoparticles remotely and with high precision would have far-reaching implications in many areas of nanotechnology. We have designed a unique dynamic magnetic field (DMF) generator that can induce rotational movements of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). We examined whether the rotational nanoparticle movement could be used for remote induction of cell death by injuring lysosomal membrane structures. We further hypothesized that the shear forces created by the generation of oscillatory torques (incomplete rotation) of SPIONs bound to lysosomal membranes would cause membrane permeabilization, lead to extravasation of lysosomal contents into the cytoplasm, and induce apoptosis. To this end, we covalently conjugated SPIONs with antibodies targeting the lysosomal protein marker LAMP1 (LAMP1-SPION). Remote activation of slow rotation of LAMP1-SPIONs significantly improved the efficacy of cellular internalization of the nanoparticles. LAMP1-SPIONs then preferentially accumulated along the membrane in lysosomes in both rat insulinoma tumor cells and human pancreatic beta cells due to binding of LAMP1-SPIONs to endogenous LAMP1. Further activation of torques by the LAMP1-SPIONs bound to lysosomes resulted in rapid decrease in size and number of lysosomes, attributable to tearing of the lysosomal membrane by the shear force of the rotationally activated LAMP1-SPIONs. This remote activation resulted in an increased expression of early and late apoptotic markers and impaired cell growth. Our findings suggest that DMF treatment of lysosome-targeted nanoparticles offers a noninvasive tool to induce apoptosis remotely and could serve as an important platform technology for a wide range of biomedical applications
Silica Nanoparticles as Substrates for Chelator-free Labeling of Oxophilic Radioisotopes
Chelator-free nanoparticles for intrinsic
radiolabeling are highly
desirable for whole-body imaging and therapeutic applications. Several
reports have successfully demonstrated the principle of intrinsic
radiolabeling. However, the work done to date has suffered from much
of the same specificity issues as conventional molecular chelators,
insofar as there is no singular nanoparticle substrate that has proven
effective in binding a wide library of radiosotopes. Here we present
amorphous silica nanoparticles as general substrates for chelator-free
radiolabeling and demonstrate their ability to bind six medically
relevant isotopes of various oxidation states with high radiochemical
yield. We provide strong evidence that the stability of the binding
correlates with the hardness of the radioisotope, corroborating the
proposed operating principle. Intrinsically labeled silica nanoparticles
prepared by this approach demonstrate excellent in vivo stability
and efficacy in lymph node imaging
Imaging of Liver Tumors Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoparticles
Complete surgical resection is the
ideal first-line treatment for
most liver malignancies. This goal would be facilitated by an intraoperative
imaging method that enables more precise visualization of tumor margins
and detection of otherwise invisible microscopic lesions. To this
end, we synthesized silica-encapsulated surface-enhanced Raman scattering
(SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) that act as a molecular imaging agent for
liver malignancies. We hypothesized that, after intravenous administration,
SERS NPs would avidly home to healthy liver tissue but not to intrahepatic
malignancies. We tested these SERS NPs in genetically engineered mouse
models of hepatocellular carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma. After
intravenous injection, liver tumors in both models were readily identifiable
with Raman imaging. In addition, Raman imaging using SERS NPs enabled
detection of microscopic lesions in liver and spleen. We compared
the performance of SERS NPs to fluorescence imaging using indocyanine
green (ICG). We found that SERS NPs delineate tumors more accurately
and are less susceptible to photobleaching. Given the known advantages
of SERS imaging, namely, high sensitivity and specific spectroscopic
detection, these findings hold promise for improved resection of liver
cancer