The application of spatial analysis to cadastral zoning of urban areas: an example in the city of Madrid.

Spatial Analysis has been used since the 1990s for hedonic cadastral models of urban areas in large cities. This research aims to apply spatial analysis to zoning a district in Madrid located in the central part of the city in order to estimate urban housing prices. In doing so, the necessary data have been gathered ? both vector and raster- as found on the official government website and private company websites. This was done firstly to analyse the characteristics and then for the objectives of the study because it is rather helpful to use these types of analyses based on vector and raster data along with interpolation methods that obtain regular structures and attempt to avoid the subjective component inherent to traditional procedures. The essence of the work consisted of studying the minimum parameters that influence housing appraisals to resolve the problem. Normally, cadastral appraisal work fulfils the Official Technical Regulations in each country considering a greater number of parameters and corrective coefficients. The importance of this work consisted of lowering and prioritising the number of basic parameters necessary to set urban housing prices. The conclusions section confirms a high likelihood of successfully reducing the number of parameters to achieve an appraisal value that is similar to the one obtained using official methods

Evaluación de la Peligrosidad de Deslizamientos de laderas empleando Técnicas de Regresión Logística/ Hazard Assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides using logistic regression tecniques

In this paper, a hazard assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides model is applied to a local-scale area using logistic regression techniques. The probability of landslide occurrence is considered as dependent variable, which is modelized by a sigmoid function (taking values between 0 and 1), and the independent variables are the factors related to the susceptibility of the terrain. The methodology is implemented in a Geographical Information System (GIS), where the different susceptibility factors (elevation, slope, aspect, mean annual precipitation, lithology, land uses and roughness terrain) are stored, together with an inventory of landslides in order to calibrate the model in a subsequent phase. An application is developed in a 10x6 km area at Santa Tecla (El Salvador) , modelling the scenario of 13th January 2001 with the necessary information to define the susceptibility as well as the triggering function: digital cartography 1:25.000, geological maps, rainfall database and strong-motion records of the 2001 earthquake. Results show the variables that more influence susceptibility and a hazard map which is contrasted with the landslides inventory. Finally, a high concordance between the landslides inventory and high-hazard areas is observed

Desarrollo de aprendizajes activos en primeros cursos universitarios: Workshop cónica.

Como ya es conocido, los profesores de Matemáticas utilizamos los ejemplos como recursos de aprendizaje para enseñar algún contenido matemático concreto, de modo que las generalizaciones y abstracciones sean más fácilmente entendidas por los alumnos, pasando de lo concreto a lo abstracto, como otra forma de enseñar y practicar en Matemáticas. Esta metodología de trabajo se ve potenciada por el uso de dispositivos móviles llamados mobile-learning (m-learning) o educación móvil (educación-m), en español. Siguiendo esta línea de trabajo, se ha realizado el workshop de cónicas que se presenta en este artículo, empleando estas nuevas tecnologías (TIC) y con el objetivo de desarrollar aprendizajes activos en Geometría a través de la resolución de problemas en los primeros cursos de Grado en las ingenierías. ABSTRACT: As it is already known, math teachers, use examples as learning resources, to teach some specific math contents, so that generalizations and abstractions are more easily understood by students, from concrete to abstract, as another way of Mathematics teaching and training. This methodology is enhanced by the use of mobile devices, called mobile-learning (m-learning) o “educación móvil” (educación-m), in Spanish. Following this strategy, the workshop of conic sections shown in this paper has been carried out, using these new technologies (ICT) and in order to develop active learning in Geometry through problem-solving at the first years of engineering degrees

Timed mind maps using MINDMANAGER & MS-PROJECT for educational innovation

The adaptation to the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) is becoming a great challenge for the University Community, especially for its teaching and research staff, which is involved actively in the teaching-learning process. It is also inducing a paradigm change for lecturers and students. Among the methodologies used for processes of teaching innovation, system thinking plays an important role when working mainly with mind maps, and is focused to highlighting the essence of the knowledge, allowing its visual representation. In this paper, a method for using these mind maps for organizing a particular subject is explained. This organization is completed with the definition of duration, precedence relationships and resources for each of these activities, as well as with their corresponding monitoring. Mind maps are generated by means of the MINDMANAGER package whilst Ms-PROJECT is used for establishing tasks relationships, durations, resources, and monitoring. Summarizing, a procedure and the necessary set of applications for self organizing and managing (timed) scheduled teaching tasks has been described in this paper

Análisis espacial del coeficiente de corrección por accesibilidad en las valoraciones urbanísticas en España

Desde el SXVIII ha sido ampliamente estudiada por los analistas la relación de la localización con el valor económico del suelo. El análisis teórico de la economía territorial se ha apoyado en la idea del territorio como un espacio de intercambio, en el que la distribución de los precios del suelo está basada en gran medida en las rentas de accesibilidad. La importancia de este trabajo reside en el estudio analítico del factor corrector por accesibilidad a núcleos de población (u1) según regula en la legislación española el Real Decreto 1492/2011, de 24 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de valoraciones de la Ley de Suelo. Se ha utilizado el análisis espacial para realizar el modelo, creando un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) que permite recopilar, organizar, administrar, analizar, compartir y distribuir información geográfica. Se han identificado, clasificado y visualizado 1.836 puntos distribuidos por toda España, calculando su población a 4 Km y a 40 Km para calcular posteriormente el valor del factor de corrección u1. Los resultados obtenidos han permitido un análisis de la distribución espacial del plusvalor de posición que confirma los vínculos existentes entre los desequilibrios regionales y el nivel de desarrollo económico alcanzado. Los desequilibrios poblacionales surgidos como consecuencia de los movimientos migratorios hacia los grandes centros urbanos se han reflejado en la hipertrofia de los valores territoriales, concentrados en el entorno de las capitales de las Comunidades Autónomas más populosas y económicamente activas

Integrated learning of computer applications for production engineering

A high productivity rate in Engineering is related to an efficient management of the flow of the large quantities of information and associated decision making activities that are consubstantial to the Engineering processes both in design and production contexts. Dealing with such problems from an integrated point of view and mimicking real scenarios is not given much attention in Engineering degrees. In the context of Engineering Education, there are a number of courses designed for developing specific competencies, as required by the academic curricula, but not that many in which integration competencies are the main target. In this paper, a course devoted to that aim is discussed. The course is taught in a Marine Engineering degree but the philosophy could be used in any Engineering field. All the lessons are given in a computer room in which every student can use each all the treated software applications. The first part of the course is dedicated to Project Management: the students acquire skills in defining, using Ms-PROJECT, the work breakdown structure (WBS), and the organization breakdown structure (OBS) in Engineering projects, through a series of examples of increasing complexity, ending up with the case of vessel construction. The second part of the course is dedicated to the use of a database manager, Ms-ACCESS, for managing production related information. A series of increasing complexity examples is treated ending up with the management of the pipe database of a real vessel. This database consists of a few thousand of pipes, for which a production timing frame is defined, which connects this part of the course with the first one. Finally, the third part of the course is devoted to the work with FORAN, an Engineering Production package of widespread use in the shipbuilding industry. With this package, the frames and plates where all the outfitting will be carried out are defined through cooperative work by the studens, working simultaneously in the same 3D model. In the paper, specific details about the learning process are given. Surveys have been posed to the students in order to get feed-back from their experience as well as to assess their satisfaction with the learning process. Results from these surveys are discussed in the pape

Geostatistical Study of the Rural Property Market Applicable to the Region of Murcia (Spain)

Spatial Analysis has been used since the early 1990’s for rural cadastral models. Nowadays, it is necessary to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Cartography as well as dedicated software in order to solve problems in Cadastral Models. Among these models, the selection and prioritization of the parameters affecting the rural property valuation assets, as well as the zoning optimization (homogeneous sectors) within a community, are one of the biggest concerns for Cadastral Agencies. This research is focused on rural property in the Region of Murcia, in accordance with data recorded from 2007 to 2009. The techniques used for the spatial zoning were carried out by means of IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) and kriging interpolators as they are the most widely used in spatial variation analysis studies. Although both interpolators produced similar results, IDW was better for predicting variation in “Unit Prices”. Afterwards, a statistical study was later completed using ANOVA, Chi-Squared and Correspondence Analysis procedures. The research results demonstrate the consistency of the parameters that have been used in the Cadastral Agencies, and the degree of involvement of these parameters in assessing the results of unit prices for different areas. These results are secured by the verification techniques applied

Las técnicas de Minería de datos, Imágenes 3D, Sistemas de Información Geográfica y Estadística espacial aplicadas a la Innovación Educativa [Techniques of Data Mining, 3D Images, Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Statistics applied to Educational Innovation ]

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar como las nuevas tecnologías: Minería de datos, Imágenes 3D o Videos digitales, Sistemas de Información Geográfica (datos georreferenciados) y Estadística espacial, han cambiado y mejorado la Innovación Educativa. Sin embargo, hay que destacar la “poca presencia” de aplicación de la Estadística espacial en España en los trabajos de investigación de Innovación Educativa. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido investigar las causas más importantes de la no aplicación de esta estadística, detectándose que hay una falta de formación en Secundaria y Bachillerato, así como en la etapa universitaria, tanto en alumnos, como en profesores. Y por ello, se proponen soluciones para la mejora en la utilización y aplicabilidad de la Estadística espacial en los trabajos de Innovación Educativa en España. [The aim of this work is to analyze how the new technologies: Data Mining, 3D Images or Digital Videos, Geographic Information Systems (georeferenced data) and Spatial Statistics, has changed and improved the current trends in Educational Innovation. Nevertheless, it is necessary to emphasize the "lack" of application of Spatial Statistics in Spanish researches focus on Educational Innovation. In this study the most important causes of non-application of this topic are investigated, and it has been detected an absence of this kind of education during Secondary and High School grades, which can also be extended university studies and affects both, students and teachers. Therefore, solutions are proposed for the improvement in the use and applicability of Spatial Statistics in the field of Educational Innovation in Spain.

Analysis of urban parameters in the characterization of seismic vulnerability: application to the city of Lorca.

Estimación de la intensidad tras el terremoto de Lorca

Evaluación de los modificadores por comportamiento urbanos que afectan al daño en los terremotos. Aplicación al terremoto de Lorca.

Habitualmente, la estimación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica se centra en el comportamiento estructural de los edificios. Sólo algunas metodologías, como el proyecto Risk‐UE,consideran la influencia de otros factores no estructurales o urbanísticos, tales como el piso blando, la irregularidad en alzado, la irregularidad en planta, etc. Estos factores,denominados también modificadores por comportamiento, pueden tener una incidencia en el daño observado, y la confluencia de varios de ellos puede variar sustancialmente la vulnerabilidad. Los modificadores por comportamiento se han identificado de forma empírica, a través de la observación de patrones de daño típicos en terremotos, teniendo en cuenta las inspecciones visuales (ATC 21 1988, Benedetti y Petrini 1984, UNDP/UNIDO 1985) y otras propuestas (Coburn y Spence 1992). La puntuación del modificador ha sido dada por el conocimiento de expertos en terremotos tras analizar evaluaciones de vulnerabilidad anteriores y bases de datos del daño producido en edificios. En esta comunicación estudiaremos los modificadores que derivan de características urbanísticas. Esta línea de investigación considera que un parámetro modificador deriva de características urbanísticas si puede ser regulado en la Normativa Urbanística de un Plan General de Ordenación Urbana. Se realiza una descripción de cada modificador según cada metodología o investigador (Risk‐UE, Giovinazzi, Lantada y Feriche) y una comparativa entre las distintas ponderaciones de los modificadores. Este análisis nos permite poder tener una primera visión de la posible cuantificación de cada modificador y la tendencia que ha tenido la calibración desde el año 2003 con el proyecto Risk‐UE hasta el año 2012 con la tesis de Feriche. Finalmente se presentan los resultados del estudio exploratorio de los parámetros urbanísticos de tres zonas seleccionados de la ciudad de Lorca según el tipo de suelo en el que se encuentren y se indican aquellos parámetros que han podido influir en el daño provocado por el terremoto de mayo de 2011