Is Open Access Equal Access? PACER User Fees and Public Access to Court Information

Our country has a long history of striving for openness and transparency in government processes. In 1978, the United States Supreme Court held, “It is clear that the courts of this country recognize a general right to insect and copy public records and documents, including judicial records and documents.” Long before America’s high court recognized this common law principle, court records were historically accessible for inspection by lawyers, journalists, land title companies, credit agencies, academics, and members of the general public. These individuals were also permitted to take notes as a part of their right to inspect court documents. Having free access to copies (i.e. reproductions), however, was a completely different matter. Unlike the right of free inspection, the right of free copies did not exist, and copies of court records could be extremely expensive to citizens seeking the information. For example, in 1853, a copy of a court document was ten cents a page, a steep price for the mid-nineteenth century. One could even make an argument that the right to simply inspect court documents was not actually “free” for many, due to the associated travel costs of physically going to the courthouse in an era before mass transportation and the internet

Book Review: Bonds of Union: Religion, Race, and Politics in a Civil War Borderland, by Bridget Ford

Review of: Bridget Ford. Bonds of Union: Religion, Race, and Politics in a Civil War Borderland. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. Pp. 383. Cloth, $45.00

Organized for Service: The Hicks Classification System and the Evolution of Law School Curriculum

This article traces the origins and development of the Hicks Classification System, an in-house organizational scheme used by the Yale Law Library from the late 1930s to the 1990s. It explores the relationship between the Hicks Classification System and the changing pedagogical methods of the law school curriculum during the early part of the 20th century. It provides a brief biographical sketch of Frederick C. Hicks, creator of the scheme, the need for a legal classification system, a detailed analysis of Hicks’s scheme, its finding aids, and a discussion of the inherent cultural biases in the system

The Ants of Burleigh County, North Dakota

Burleigh County is located in the south-central se c tion of the s tate of North Dakota. It l ie s within the Missouri Coteau Dis tr ict of the Glaciated Missouri S e c t ion , Great Plains Province, Interior Plains Physiographic Division of the United S ta te s . E co lo g ica lly , the county l ie s in the Mixed-gras s Prairie Association of the North American Gra s s lands Biome. The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome is represented by the gallery forests along the Missouri River. The purpose of this study was to determine which ant sp e c ie s are found in this county, their relative abundance, distribution, nesting h a b i t s , and habitats . Specimens were co lle c ted from the ne s ts discovered during e x ten - sive travel and intensive observation over the county. Two hundred and ninety-two co lle c tions of ants were made in 1961 and 1962, and then identified. Maps were prepared showing the location of each n e s t. Distribution was correlated with e co lo g ica l and geological fe a tu r e s . Ecological observations indicated that the ant sp e c ie s could be grouped into three categor ies based upon adaptation to e co log ica l environments: (1) woodlands; (2) gras s lands ; and (3) both woodlands and g r a s s la n d s . One sp e c ie s , Formica sp. (morsei? ; identification not confirmed), was recorded for the second time in the United Sta te s and the first time in North Dakota. The co lle c tion of Camponotus caryae discolor is only the second recorded for North Dakota. Five other sp e c ie s colle cted r during this study, Formica cr iniventr is , Formica puberula, Formica dakotensis , Formica fo s sa c ep s , and Camponotus herculeanus , had previously been found rarely in North Dakota. The taxonomic l i s t of ants co lle c ted in Burleigh County comprises the following sp e c ie s : Myrmica amer icana, Myrmica brevinodis, Myrmica brevispino sa , Myrmica lobicornis f ra c t ico rn is , Myrmica monticola , Pogonomyrmex oc c identa lis , Crematogaster l in e o la ta , Monomorium minimum, Leptothorax canadensis , Dorymyrmex pyramicus , Tapinoma s e s s i l e , Camponotus he rculeanus , Camponotus noveborac e n s i s , Componotus pennsylvanicus , Camponotus caryae d is co lo r , Camponotus n e a r c t i cu s , Lasius c ryp t lcu s , Lasius neoniger , Lasius s i tk a e n s i s , Lasius f la v u s , Lasius subumbratus, Lasius umbratus, Acanthomyops c la v ig e r , Acanthomyops parvulus, Formica bradleyi, Formica n e o g ag a te s , Formica ob tu sopilo sa , Formica puberula, Formica rubicunda, Formica sanguinea subnuda, Formica cr iniventr is , Formica d a k o ten s is , Formica fo s s a c e p s , Formica haemorrhoidalis, Formica o b s cu r ip e s , Formica ob s cu r ivent r is , Formica oreas comptula, Formica morsei, Formica u lk e i , Formica cinerea lepida , Formica cinerea montana, Formica fu s c a , Formica neoc lara

Resonant interaction of trapped cold atoms with a magnetic cantilever tip

Magnetic resonance in an ensemble of laser-cooled trapped Rb atoms is excited using a micro- cantilever with a magnetic tip. The cantilever is mounted on a multi-layer chip designed to capture, cool, and magnetically transport cold atoms. The coupling is observed by measuring the loss from a magnetic trap as the oscillating cantilever induces Zeeman state transitions in the atoms. Interfacing cold atoms with mechanical devices could enable probing and manipulating atomic spins with nanometer spatial resolution and single-spin sensitivity, leading to new capabilities in quantum computation, quantum simulation, or precision sensing.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Indiana Practice Materials: A Selective Annotated Bibliography

State Practice Materials: Annotated Bibliographies is intended to provide legal information professionals and legal practitioners timely and relevant state-specific information about the legal sources available to conduct effective legal research in any given state. DeMaine, Moreland, and Kearney co-authored the chapter on Indiana materials.https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facbooks/1294/thumbnail.jp

Interview with Mr John Moreland: audio interview

In this interview Mr Moreland recalls a long life spent working in the Irish Yeast Company and living in the College Street area of Dublin city. The interview sheds some light on the rise and fall of the various bakeries supplying Dublin city. Please note the download button provides access to the transcription while clicking on the supplementary file provides access to the recorded interview