Consistency analysis of a nonbirefringent Lorentz-violating planar model

In this work analyze the physical consistency of a nonbirefringent Lorentz-violating planar model via the analysis of the pole structure of its Feynman propagators. The nonbirefringent planar model, obtained from the dimensional reduction of the CPT-even gauge sector of the standard model extension, is composed of a gauge and a scalar fields, being affected by Lorentz-violating (LIV) coefficients encoded in the symmetric tensor $\kappa_{\mu\nu}$. The propagator of the gauge field is explicitly evaluated and expressed in terms of linear independent symmetric tensors, presenting only one physical mode. The same holds for the scalar propagator. A consistency analysis is performed based on the poles of the propagators. The isotropic parity-even sector is stable, causal and unitary mode for $0\leq\kappa_{00}<1$. On the other hand, the anisotropic sector is stable and unitary but in general noncausal. Finally, it is shown that this planar model interacting with a $\lambda|\varphi|^{4}-$Higgs field supports compactlike vortex configurations.Comment: 11 pages, revtex style, final revised versio

A atuação da enfermagem na criação do lactário no hospital Jesús (1935-1938)

El presente estudio tiene como objeto la implantaci&oacute;n del servicio de lactario en el Hospital Jes&uacute;s y tiene por delimitaci&oacute;n temporal el periodo de 1935-1938, que se justifica por la primera gesti&oacute;n del Servicio de Enfermer&iacute;a del Hospital Jes&uacute;s, actual Hospital Municipal Jes&uacute;s. La alimentaci&oacute;n del ni&ntilde;o merece cuidados especiales, principalmente en el primer a&ntilde;o de vida. Objetivos: describir las pol&iacute;ticas de alimentaci&oacute;n en el Distrito Federal y analizar las circunstancias para la implantaci&oacute;n del servicio de lactario en el hospital. Metodolog&iacute;a: estudio con abordaje hist&oacute;rico social basado en el an&aacute;lisis documental, donde fueron utilizadas fuentes primarias y secundarias. Fuentes primarias: documentos escritos localizados en las dependencias del Hospital. Fuentes secundarias est&aacute;n constituidas de libros, disertaciones y trabajos referentes al desarrollo hist&oacute;rico del lactario. En el periodo abordado era necesaria la instalaci&oacute;n de innumerables servicios diet&eacute;ticos debidamente aparejados. Hab&iacute;a la necesidad de un programa social y filantr&oacute;pico, que rellenara las lagunas existentes en la protecci&oacute;n al ni&ntilde;o y fuera tambi&eacute;n &oacute;rgano consultivo de los poderes p&uacute;blicos federales, estaduales y municipales. Fueron organizadas instituciones para asistencia a las madres y sus hijos. Juntamente a esta iniciativa, hubo mayor actuaci&oacute;n del Estado en cuanto a la inspecci&oacute;n m&eacute;dica de las escuelas y a la legislaci&oacute;n del trabajo, para las madres y ni&ntilde;os. Conclusi&oacute;n: A trav&eacute;s de los documentos encontrados, se pudo observar con este estudio, la relevancia de la influencia del Servicio de Enfermer&iacute;a en la implantaci&oacute;n del servicio de lactario del Hospital Jes&uacute;s, teniendo en cuenta que el equipo responsable de la apertura, organizaci&oacute;n y manutenci&oacute;n del lactario en la referida instituci&oacute;n se constituy&oacute; en su mayor&iacute;a de enfermeros, que actuaron desde la apertura del Hospital dando orientaciones en cuanto a la alimentaci&oacute;n de los lactantes, que all&iacute; eran llevados en b&uacute;squeda de asistencia.O presente estudo tem como objeto a implanta&ccedil;&atilde;o do servi&ccedil;o de lact&aacute;rio no Hospital Jesus e tem por delimita&ccedil;&atilde;o temporal o per&iacute;odo de 1935-1938, que se justifica pela primeira gest&atilde;o do Servi&ccedil;o de Enfermagem neste Hospital, atual Hospital Municipal Jesus. A alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o da crian&ccedil;a merecia cuidados especiais, principalmente no primeiro ano de vida. Era elevado o numero de mol&eacute;stias advindas da alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o incorreta. Objetivos: descrever as pol&iacute;ticas de alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o no Distrito Federal e analisar as circunst&acirc;ncias para implanta&ccedil;&atilde;o do servi&ccedil;o de lact&aacute;rio no hospital. Metodologia: estudo com abordagem hist&oacute;rico social embasado na an&aacute;lise documental, onde foram utilizadas fontes prim&aacute;rias e secund&aacute;rias. Fontes prim&aacute;rias: documentos escritos, localizados nas depend&ecirc;ncias do Hospital. Fontes secund&aacute;rias constitu&iacute;das por livros, disserta&ccedil;&otilde;es e trabalhos referentes ao desenvolvimento hist&oacute;rico do lact&aacute;rio. No per&iacute;odo abordado era necess&aacute;ria a instala&ccedil;&atilde;o de in&uacute;meros servi&ccedil;os diet&eacute;ticos. Existia necessidade de um programa social e filantr&oacute;pico, que preenchesse as lacunas existentes na prote&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; crian&ccedil;a e fosse tamb&eacute;m &oacute;rg&atilde;o consultivo dos poderes p&uacute;blicos federais, estaduais e municipais. Foram organizadas institui&ccedil;&otilde;es para assist&ecirc;ncia &agrave;s m&atilde;es e seus filhos. Juntamente com essa iniciativa, come&ccedil;ou a existir maior atua&ccedil;&atilde;o do Estado quanto, &agrave; inspe&ccedil;&atilde;o m&eacute;dica das escolas e &agrave; legisla&ccedil;&atilde;o do trabalho, para m&atilde;es e crian&ccedil;as. Essa conduta estabelecia uma divis&atilde;o do trabalho, com uma predomin&acirc;ncia da a&ccedil;&atilde;o privada no campo da assist&ecirc;ncia social. Conclus&atilde;o: Por meio dos documentos encontrados, foi poss&iacute;vel observar com este estudo, a relev&acirc;ncia da influ&ecirc;ncia do Servi&ccedil;o de Enfermagem na implanta&ccedil;&atilde;o do servi&ccedil;o de lact&aacute;rio do Hospital Jesus, tendo em vista que a equipe respons&aacute;vel pela abertura, organiza&ccedil;&atilde;o e manuten&ccedil;&atilde;o do lact&aacute;rio na referida institui&ccedil;&atilde;o foi formada em sua maioria por enfermeiros, que atuaram desde a abertura do Hospital dando orienta&ccedil;&otilde;es no que se refere a alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o dos lactentes, que ali eram levados em busca de assist&ecirc;ncia

Programmable antivirals targeting critical conserved viral RNA secondary structures from influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2

Influenza A virus’s (IAV’s) frequent genetic changes challenge vaccine strategies and engender resistance to current drugs. We sought to identify conserved and essential RNA secondary structures within IAV’s genome that are predicted to have greater constraints on mutation in response to therapeutic targeting. We identified and genetically validated an RNA structure (packaging stem–loop 2 (PSL2)) that mediates in vitro packaging and in vivo disease and is conserved across all known IAV isolates. A PSL2-targeting locked nucleic acid (LNA), administered 3 d after, or 14 d before, a lethal IAV inoculum provided 100% survival in mice, led to the development of strong immunity to rechallenge with a tenfold lethal inoculum, evaded attempts to select for resistance and retained full potency against neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant virus. Use of an analogous approach to target SARS-CoV-2, prophylactic administration of LNAs specific for highly conserved RNA structures in the viral genome, protected hamsters from efficient transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 USA_WA1/2020 variant. These findings highlight the potential applicability of this approach to any virus of interest via a process we term ‘programmable antivirals’, with implications for antiviral prophylaxis and post-exposure therapy

1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phospho-GS-441524 (V2043). Evaluation of Oral V2043 in a Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Additional Phospholipid Esters with Enhanced Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity

Early antiviral treatments, including intravenous remdesivir (RDV), reduce hospitalization and severe disease caused by COVID-19. An orally bioavailable RDV analog may facilitate earlier treatment of non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of alkyl glyceryl ether phosphodiesters of GS-441524 (RVn), lysophospholipid analogs which allow for oral bioavailability and stability in plasma. Oral treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected BALB/c mice with 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phospho-RVn (60 mg/kg orally, once daily for 5 days starting 12h after infection) reduced lung viral load by 1.5 log10 units versus vehicle at day 2 and to below the limit of detection at day 5. Structure/activity evaluation of additional analogs that have hydrophobic ethers at the sn-2 of glycerol revealed improved in vitro antiviral activity by introduction of a 3-fluoro-4-methoxy-substituted benzyl or a 3- or 4-cyano-substituted benzyl. Collectively, our data support the development of RVn phospholipid prodrugs as oral antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections