Neural networks reconstruction of the dense-matter equation of state from neutron-star parameters

Aims: The aim of this work is to study the application of the artificial neural networks guided by the autoencoder architecture as a method for precise reconstruction of the neutron star equation of state, using their observable parameters: masses, radii and tidal deformabilities. In addition we study how well the neutron star radius can be reconstructed using the gravitational-wave only observations of tidal deformability, i.e. quantities which are not related in a straightforward way. Methods: Application of artificial neural network in the equation of state reconstruction exploits the non-linear potential of this machine learning model. Since each neuron in the network is basically a non-linear function, it is possible to create a complex mapping between the input sets of observations and the output equation of state table. Within the supervised training paradigm, we construct a few hidden layer deep neural network on a generated data set, consisting of a realistic equation of state for the neutron star crust connected with a piecewise relativistic polytropes dense core, with parameters representative to the state-of-the art realistic equations of state. Results: We demonstrate the performance of our machine learning implementation with respect to the simulated cases with varying number of observations and measurement uncertainties. Furthermore we study the impact of the neutron star mass distributions on the results. Finally, we test the reconstruction of the equation of state trained on parametric polytropic training set using the simulated mass--radius and mass--tidal-deformability sequences based on realistic equations of state. Neural networks trained with a limited data set are able to generalize the mapping between global parameters and equation of state input tables for realistic models.Comment: 8, pages, 7 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic

LSTM and CNN application for core-collapse supernova search in gravitational wave real data

$Context.$ Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are expected to emit gravitational wave signals that could be detected by current and future generation interferometers within the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. The stochastic nature of the signal arising from CCSNe requires alternative detection methods to matched filtering. $Aims.$ We aim to show the potential of machine learning (ML) for multi-label classification of different CCSNe simulated signals and noise transients using real data. We compared the performance of 1D and 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on single and multiple detector data. For the first time, we tested multi-label classification also with long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. $Methods.$ We applied a search and classification procedure for CCSNe signals, using an event trigger generator, the Wavelet Detection Filter (WDF), coupled with ML. We used time series and time-frequency representations of the data as inputs to the ML models. To compute classification accuracies, we simultaneously injected, at detectable distance of 1\,kpc, CCSN waveforms, obtained from recent hydrodynamical simulations of neutrino-driven core-collapse, onto interferometer noise from the O2 LIGO and Virgo science run. $Results.$ We compared the performance of the three models on single detector data. We then merged the output of the models for single detector classification of noise and astrophysical transients, obtaining overall accuracies for LIGO ($\sim99\%$) and ($\sim80\%$) for Virgo. We extended our analysis to the multi-detector case using triggers coincident among the three ITFs and achieved an accuracy of $\sim98\%$.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures. Accepted by A&A journa

Advancements in Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging

Radiology and diagnostic imaging have undergone remarkable advancements in recent years, shaping the future of healthcare and improving patient outcomes. This review article provides an extensive overview of the developments and opportunities in various aspects of radiology, including CT, MRI, ultrasound, digital radiology, teleradiology, 3D printing, radiomics, radiogenomics, and nuclear radiology. It highlights the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in radiology, the emergence of theranostics, and the exploration of the human microbiome. The article also delves into advanced imaging techniques for cardiovascular diseases, hybrid imaging modalities in oncology, and optical imaging. The summary emphasizes the importance of continued innovation and development in radiology and diagnostic imaging to enhance patient care and global health outcomes

An insight into zolpidem abuse and dependence

Background: Z-drugs (zopiclone, zaleplon, and zolpidem) are commonly prescribed medicine classes associated with a risk of abuse, dependence or withdrawal.   Objective: The purpose of our work is to review the current knowledge on the evidence for z-drugs harms and estimate the prevalence of dispensed prescriptions.  Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed database using the key words: “Zolpidem”, “Z-drugs”, “Abuse”, “Dependence”  Results: According to our findings, zolpidem should be prescribed with the same caution as BZDs, especially in patients with a history of drug abuse or in the elderly.  Conclusion: Psychiatrists and physicians should be aware of the misuse potential of zolpidem and adopt measures restricting its use

Chronic pruritus in atopic dermatitis – mechanisms and different ways of treatment, affect on quality of life

Introduction: Pruritus in atopic dermatitis is one of the main symptoms of the disease and the one that causes a significant impact on quality of life. It is important to control itching because it’s not only an unplesant sense. Scratching topically deepen the dermatitis, damages the epidermal barrier causing additional infections possible  and makes it harder to acheive a remission of the disease. It is also highly associated with stress and has an impact on mental health of the patient.  In this article we present a summary of how pruritus affects the quality of life, mechanisms of pruritus and possible treatment. Materials and methods: Our work is based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites. We were looking for the key words such as ‘stress and itch’, ‘pruritus treatment’, ‘chronic itch in atopic dermatitis’, ‘itch and quality of life’. Results: Patients with atopic dermatitis should come under miltidisciplinar treatment to acheive the best possible control of symptoms. This will result in higher quality of life and better mental health of the patient. Conclusions: There is a high need to develop new targeted medications as contemporary medicine knows a lot more about the mechanism of pruritus. Many new types of treatment are being studied and soon we may have more options to choose in systemic and topical therapy. We should also concetrate more on a mental side of the disease

Immunity system dysfunction caused by insomnia and methods of treatment

Introduction: Sleep is a very important part of human health. Research over the past several years has shown that sleep disorders such as insomnia can affect the risk of infectious diseases. This review describes the immunocompromising mechanisms of insomnia and the consequences associated with this disorder. This review also includes treatment methods. Material and methods: The work was based on the articles published in PubMed, medical books and websites.  Results: Insomnia has an influence in the markers of inflammation and there are few methods of treating insomnia. Conclusions: Sleep influences the two primary effector systems which in turn regulate immune responses. Sleep disturbance like insomnia increases the risk of infectious diseases. Treatment can lower the markers of inflammation and helps relieve the symptoms of insomnia

Contraindications and factors that rule out patients willing to undergo laser vision correction

Laser vision correction is a modern method of eliminating, not just correcting, vision defects. The laser results in the restoration of the patient's eyes, so that he or she gains visual acuity anew. This method is both effective and safe, however, it is not feasible for every person. There are certain restrictions regarding: age, health, type of defect, history of disease, corneal scarring, pregnancy (both during and planned), or breastfeeding. Other rather non-obvious limitations, often overlooked by patients at the qualifying examination, are a metal filing that once found its way into the eye, after which it was removed rather late by a specialist, or current dry eye syndrome. The procedure of laser vision correction, can be carried out only after obtaining both the consent of the doctor conducting the qualifying examination and the interested party himself

Contraindications and factors that rule out patients willing to undergo laser vision correction

Laser vision correction is a modern method of eliminating, not just correcting, vision defects. The laser results in the restoration of the patient's eyes, so that he or she gains visual acuity anew. This method is both effective and safe, however, it is not feasible for every person. There are certain restrictions regarding: age, health, type of defect, history of disease, corneal scarring, pregnancy (both during and planned), or breastfeeding. Other rather non-obvious limitations, often overlooked by patients at the qualifying examination, are a metal filing that once found its way into the eye, after which it was removed rather late by a specialist, or current dry eye syndrome. The procedure of laser vision correction, can be carried out only after obtaining both the consent of the doctor conducting the qualifying examination and the interested party himself