A novel metallurgical bonding process and microstructural analysis of ferrous alloy composites

A group of ferrous alloy composites have been produced using a novel vacuum casting process. The bonding and the interfacial analysis of these composites has been studied using various techniques including: optical microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis, X-ray mapping (XRM) and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). A number of phase changes and unique microstructural features have been observed. Some of these microstructural features are the result of the solidification process, whilst other changes have resulted from diffusion of elements across the composite interface. This study demonstrates the uniqueness of the vacuum casting process as an efficient bonding process and the importance of comparing data from a variety of analytical techniques to enable a thorough model of the solidification and diffusion processes to be properly developed. © Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd

Does achieving the best practice tariff improve outcomes in hip fracture patients? An observational cohort study

Objectives: To determine if the introduction of the best practice tariff (BPT) has improved survival of the elderly hip fracture population, or if achieving BPT results in improved survival for an individual. Setting: A single university-affiliated teaching hospital. Participants: 2,541 patients aged over 60 admitted with a neck of femur fracture between 2008 and 2010 and from 2012 to 2014 were included, to create two cohorts of patients, before and after the introduction of BPT. The post-BPT cohort was divided into two groups, those who achieved the criteria and those who did not. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes of interest were differences in mortality across cohorts. Secondary analysis was performed to identify associations between individual BPT criteria and mortality. Results: The introduction of BPT did not significantly alter overall 30-mortality in the hip fracture population (8.3% pre-BPT vs 10.0% post-BPT; p = 0.128). Neither was there a significant reduction in length of stay (15 days (IQR 9-21) pre-BPT vs 14 days (IQR 11-22); p=0.236). However, the introduction of BPT was associated with a reduction in the time from admission to theatre (median 44hours pre-BPT (IQR 24-44) vs 23hours post-BPT (IQR 17-30); p<0.005). 30-day mortality in those who achieved BPT was significantly lower (6.0% vs 21.0% in those who did not achieve-BPT; p < 0.005). There was a survival benefit at one year for those who achieved BPT (28.6% vs 42.0% did not achieve-BPT; p<0.005). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that of the BPT criteria, AMT monitoring and expedited surgery were the only BPT criteria that significantly influenced survival. Conclusion: The introduction of the BPT has not led to a demonstrable improvement in outcomes at organisational level, though other factors may have confounded any benefits. However, patients where BPT criteria are met appear to have improved outcomes

Preconditioning Maximal Center Gauge with Stout Link Smearing in SU(3)

Center vortices are studied in SU(3) gauge theory using Maximal Center Gauge (MCG) fixing. Stout link smearing and over-improved stout link smearing are used to construct a preconditioning gauge field transformation, applied to the original gauge field before fixing to MCG. We find that preconditioning successfully achieves higher gauge fixing maxima. We observe a reduction in the number of identified vortices when preconditioning is used, and also a reduction in the vortex-only string tension.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

Barriers to Recruitment for a THC Study

Due to ongoing efforts to increase inclusion of under-represented racial and ethnic minorities in clinical studies, researchers have conducted studies to gain greater understanding as to why members of these groups have had limited enrollment. 1 Previous research indicated a widespread lack of trust in the medical community regarding clinical studies, particularly in populations of color due to knowledge of the Tuskegee study.2 Specifically, to date, there appears to be no investigation which explores reasons for hesitation to volunteer to participate in a study utilizing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to reduce chronic neuropathic pain. Our PCOM IRB-approved project will attempt to uncover whether there is a significant degree of skepticism, and what factors comprise any such reluctance. It is predicted that there will be a higher rate of declination to participate in the study by minority patients. It is also predicted that those belonging to a minority group who demonstrate interest in proceeding will express some reluctance due to mistrust in the intentions of our research. Discussion of the subjects’ concerns may reveal possible reasons for reluctance to participate in clinical trials. This information will increase researchers\u27 awareness of barriers and factors that will potentially affect a person\u27s decision to participate in a clinical trial. Subjects will be identified as potentially eligible study patients if they have recent documentation of neuropathic pain in their medical records. Eligibility will be determined using a code search (G62.9) for polyneuropathy at one of the three PCOM Healthcare Centers. Patients will be contacted in advance of their next primary care appointment to determine interest in taking a survey. For those who agree, this questionnaire will be provided immediately prior to their scheduled medical examination. Information requested includes: past and present marijuana use past and present pain management interventions for neuropathic pain demographic information (age, gender, ethnicity) current pain intensity and interference with daily activities via PEG scale feedback regarding their interest in participating in a clinical research project involving THC use If there is a response to learn more about a clinical study on campus, \u27Administration of THC to improve analgesia in patients with neuropathic pain\u27, they will be provided with a flyer and Informed Consent Form for recruitment for this investigation. One hundred potential study subjects will be screened, and the data collected will be analyzed. This study started March 7, and to date, seven patients completed the questionnaire, three of whom have indicated a decision to participate in the THC investigation